Concepts and definition's for LE test

Question 1

Nutation

Answer 1

sacral flexion, the superior part of the sacrum moves forward, and the inferior portion of the sacrum moves back. Increases lordosis, stretches sacrotuberous ligament

Question 2

Counternutation

Answer 2

sacral extension, the superior part of the sacrum moves backward, and the inferior portion of the sacrum moves forward. Decreases lordosis and lengthens sacrotuberous

Question 3

Lumbosacral angle

Answer 3

the angle between the superior surface of the sacrum and a horizontal line

Question 4

Angle of inclination

Answer 4

angle between the shaft and the neck of the femur (coxa vara and valga)

Question 5

Blood supply of hip

Answer 5

The abdominal aorta - common iliac - then divides into internal and external iliac

Question 6

Blood supply of knee, ankle, and foot

Answer 6

Femoral artery - popliteal artery - breaks into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 7

Lower Extremity blood supply

Answer 7

Abdominal aorta - common iliac - splits into internal iliac (splits to anterior and posterior tibial arteries) and external iliac (splits to popliteal and femoral artery)

Question 8

hip capsule ligaments

Answer 8

iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral

Question 9

Coxa Valaga

Answer 9

bent outward, AofI > 125 degrees, leads to Genu vera (bow legged)

Question 10

Coxa Vara

Answer 10

bend inward, AofI < 125 degrees, leads to Genu Valgum (knock knees)

Question 11

What is the “Y” ligament

Answer 11

Iliofemoral ligament

Question 12

Screw-home mechanism

Answer 12

how fast the femur rotates the tibia at the knee, causes “locking of the knee”

Screw= rotation

Question 13

What unlocks the knee?

Answer 13

Popliteus

Question 14

Q-angle

Answer 14

The angle that describes the different orientations of the femur and tibia.

Question 15

3 functions of the arches

Answer 15

stabilize, shock absorption, and compression and decompression during WB

Question 16

Deltoid ligament

Answer 16

supports medial side, medial longitudinal arch, holds calcaneus and navicular against talus.

Question 17

Pes cavus

Answer 17

tibia leans laterally, genu varus

Question 18

Pes planus

Answer 18

tibia leans medially, Genu valgum

Question 19

Angle of torsion

Answer 19

angle of proximal and distal end of femur

Question 20

Anteversion

Answer 20

increase angle of torsion, toes pointed in, femur rotates inward

Question 21

Retroversion

Answer 21

decreased angle of torsion, toes pointed outward, femur rotates outward

Question 22

Truss and Tie

Answer 22

body allows to accepts weight, arch drops but springs back up