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Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Ecology

A

The study of the interactions between living things and between living things and their environment

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2
Q

Biosphere

A

The part of the earth containing living organisms

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3
Q

Ecosystem

A

A group of organisms that interact with each other and with their environment

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4
Q

Habitat

A

The place where an organism lives

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5
Q

niche

A

the functional role of an organism in an ecosystem or habitat

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6
Q

food web

A

consists of two or more interlinked food chains

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7
Q

pyramid of numbers

A

represents the number of organisms at each stage in a food chain

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8
Q

niche

A

the functional role of an organism in an ecosystem or habitat

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9
Q

population

A

all the members of a species in an area

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10
Q

competition

A

when two or more organisms actively struggle for a resource that is in short supply

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11
Q

contest competition

A

when one organism gets all of the resource

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12
Q

scramble competition

A

all of the competing organisms get some of the resource

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13
Q

adaption

A

an alteration that improves an organisms chances of survival

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14
Q

predation

A

the catching killing and eating of another organism for food

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15
Q

parasite

A

a living thing that takes its food from another living thing and usually causes harm

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16
Q

symbiosis

A

when two organisms from different species live, and have to live in close association where at least one benefits

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17
Q

population dynamics

A

refers to the factors that cause population numbers to rise or fall

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18
Q

pollution

A

any harmful addition to the environment

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19
Q

conservation

A

the wise management of our existing natural recources in order to allow as many species as possible to survive

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20
Q

qualitative study

A

records whether something is present or absent

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21
Q

quantitative study

A

records the numbers of each item

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22
Q

percentage frequency

A

the chance of a particular species being present in any quadrat

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23
Q

ultrastructure

A

refers to the appearance of structures as seen under an electron microscope

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24
Q

cytosol

A

liquid part of the cytoplasm

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25
prokaryotic cells
do not have a nucleus or membrane enclosed organelles
26
eukaryotic cells
have a membrane enclosed nucleus and cell organelles
27
tissue
a group of similar cells that carry out the same function
28
tissue culture
the growth of cells on an artificial medium outside an organism
29
organ
a structure composed of two or more tissues that work together to carry out one or more functions
30
organ system
consists of a group of organs working together to carry out one or more functions
31
micropropagation
the growth of large numbers of identical plants from pieces of an original plant
32
enzyme
a protein that speeds up a reaction without being used up in the reaction
33
metabolism
the sum of all chemical reactions taking place in an organism
34
substrate
the molecule that the enzyme acts on
35
products
the molecules produced by enzyme action
36
active site
the part of the enzyme that joins to the substrate
37
specificity
each enzyme can only join with one substrate
38
denatured
a denatured enzyme has lost its ability to function
39
optimum ph
the oh at which an enzyme works its best
40
bioprocessing
the use of enzyme controlled reactions to make a product
41
immobilised enzymes
are attached to each other or to an inert substance
42
osmosis
the movement of water molecules from a high water concentration to a low water concentration through a semi permeable membrane
43
diffusion
the movement of the molecules of a liquid or gas from a reqion of high concentration to a region of low concentration
44
turgor
the pressure of the vacuole and cytoplasm against the cell wall
45
cell continuity
the way in which cells give rise to new cells as a result of cell division
46
haploid
a haploid cell has one of each type of chromosome
47
diploid cell
has two of each type of chromosome
48
cell cycle
describes the events in the life of a cell
49
mitosis
a form of nuclear division in which a nucleus forms two nuclei containing identical sets of chromosomes
50
cancer
a group of disorders in which certain cells lose their ability to control mitosis and the number of times mitosis takes place
51
meiosis
a form of nuclear division in which the daughter nuclei contain half the number of chromosomes of the parent nucleus
52
homeostasis
the ability of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment
53
ectotherms
animals that gain or lose heat from their environment
54
endotherms
animals that generate their own heat by metabolic reactions
55
excretion
the removal of waste products of metabolism from the body
56
chromatin
the names given to chromosomes when elongated and not dividing
57
prokaryotic cells
do not have a nucleus or membrane-enclosed organelles
58
eukaryotic cells
have a nucleus and organelles are which are enclosed by membranes
59
cell continuity
the way in which cells give rise to new cells as a result of cell division
60
selectively permeable membrane
allows some but not all molecules to pass through
61
diffusion
the spreading out of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
62
osmosis
the movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration
63
turgor or turgor pressure
the outward pressure of the cytoplasm or vacuole against the cell wall of a plant
64
catalyst
a substance that speeds up a reaction without itself being used up in the reaction
65
solar energy
energy from the sun
66
cellular energy
energy stored in the bonds of biomolecules
67
denatured enzyme
has lost its shape and can no longer function
68
bioprocessing
the use of enzyme-controlled reactions to make a product
69
bioreactor
a vessel or container in which living cells or their product are used to make a product
70
immobilized enzymes
enzymes that are attached or fixed to one another or to an inert material
71
pharynx
throat
72
larynx
voice box

Biology (17 decks)

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