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Biology > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecology

A

The study of the interactions between living things and between living things and their environment

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2
Q

Biosphere

A

The part of the earth containing living organisms

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3
Q

Ecosystem

A

A group of organisms that interact with each other and with their environment

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4
Q

Habitat

A

The place where an organism lives

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5
Q

niche

A

the functional role of an organism in an ecosystem or habitat

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6
Q

food web

A

consists of two or more interlinked food chains

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7
Q

pyramid of numbers

A

represents the number of organisms at each stage in a food chain

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8
Q

niche

A

the functional role of an organism in an ecosystem or habitat

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9
Q

population

A

all the members of a species in an area

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10
Q

competition

A

when two or more organisms actively struggle for a resource that is in short supply

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11
Q

contest competition

A

when one organism gets all of the resource

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12
Q

scramble competition

A

all of the competing organisms get some of the resource

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13
Q

adaption

A

an alteration that improves an organisms chances of survival

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14
Q

predation

A

the catching killing and eating of another organism for food

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15
Q

parasite

A

a living thing that takes its food from another living thing and usually causes harm

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16
Q

symbiosis

A

when two organisms from different species live, and have to live in close association where at least one benefits

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17
Q

population dynamics

A

refers to the factors that cause population numbers to rise or fall

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18
Q

pollution

A

any harmful addition to the environment

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19
Q

conservation

A

the wise management of our existing natural recources in order to allow as many species as possible to survive

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20
Q

qualitative study

A

records whether something is present or absent

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21
Q

quantitative study

A

records the numbers of each item

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22
Q

percentage frequency

A

the chance of a particular species being present in any quadrat

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23
Q

ultrastructure

A

refers to the appearance of structures as seen under an electron microscope

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24
Q

cytosol

A

liquid part of the cytoplasm

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25
Q

prokaryotic cells

A

do not have a nucleus or membrane enclosed organelles

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26
Q

eukaryotic cells

A

have a membrane enclosed nucleus and cell organelles

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27
Q

tissue

A

a group of similar cells that carry out the same function

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28
Q

tissue culture

A

the growth of cells on an artificial medium outside an organism

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29
Q

organ

A

a structure composed of two or more tissues that work together to carry out one or more functions

30
Q

organ system

A

consists of a group of organs working together to carry out one or more functions

31
Q

micropropagation

A

the growth of large numbers of identical plants from pieces of an original plant

32
Q

enzyme

A

a protein that speeds up a reaction without being used up in the reaction

33
Q

metabolism

A

the sum of all chemical reactions taking place in an organism

34
Q

substrate

A

the molecule that the enzyme acts on

35
Q

products

A

the molecules produced by enzyme action

36
Q

active site

A

the part of the enzyme that joins to the substrate

37
Q

specificity

A

each enzyme can only join with one substrate

38
Q

denatured

A

a denatured enzyme has lost its ability to function

39
Q

optimum ph

A

the oh at which an enzyme works its best

40
Q

bioprocessing

A

the use of enzyme controlled reactions to make a product

41
Q

immobilised enzymes

A

are attached to each other or to an inert substance

42
Q

osmosis

A

the movement of water molecules from a high water concentration to a low water concentration through a semi permeable membrane

43
Q

diffusion

A

the movement of the molecules of a liquid or gas from a reqion of high concentration to a region of low concentration

44
Q

turgor

A

the pressure of the vacuole and cytoplasm against the cell wall

45
Q

cell continuity

A

the way in which cells give rise to new cells as a result of cell division

46
Q

haploid

A

a haploid cell has one of each type of chromosome

47
Q

diploid cell

A

has two of each type of chromosome

48
Q

cell cycle

A

describes the events in the life of a cell

49
Q

mitosis

A

a form of nuclear division in which a nucleus forms two nuclei containing identical sets of chromosomes

50
Q

cancer

A

a group of disorders in which certain cells lose their ability to control mitosis and the number of times mitosis takes place

51
Q

meiosis

A

a form of nuclear division in which the daughter nuclei contain half the number of chromosomes of the parent nucleus

52
Q

homeostasis

A

the ability of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

53
Q

ectotherms

A

animals that gain or lose heat from their environment

54
Q

endotherms

A

animals that generate their own heat by metabolic reactions

55
Q

excretion

A

the removal of waste products of metabolism from the body

56
Q

chromatin

A

the names given to chromosomes when elongated and not dividing

57
Q

prokaryotic cells

A

do not have a nucleus or membrane-enclosed organelles

58
Q

eukaryotic cells

A

have a nucleus and organelles are which are enclosed by membranes

59
Q

cell continuity

A

the way in which cells give rise to new cells as a result of cell division

60
Q

selectively permeable membrane

A

allows some but not all molecules to pass through

61
Q

diffusion

A

the spreading out of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

62
Q

osmosis

A

the movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration

63
Q

turgor or turgor pressure

A

the outward pressure of the cytoplasm or vacuole against the cell wall of a plant

64
Q

catalyst

A

a substance that speeds up a reaction without itself being used up in the reaction

65
Q

solar energy

A

energy from the sun

66
Q

cellular energy

A

energy stored in the bonds of biomolecules

67
Q

denatured enzyme

A

has lost its shape and can no longer function

68
Q

bioprocessing

A

the use of enzyme-controlled reactions to make a product

69
Q

bioreactor

A

a vessel or container in which living cells or their product are used to make a product

70
Q

immobilized enzymes

A

enzymes that are attached or fixed to one another or to an inert material

71
Q

pharynx

A

throat

72
Q

larynx

A

voice box

Biology (17 decks)

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