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Chemistry > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Amount of substance

A

The quantity that has moles as its units, used as a way of counting atoms

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2
Q

What does anhydrous mean

A

Containing no water molecules

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3
Q

Mole

A

The amount of any substance containing as many elementary particles as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12g of the carbon-12 isotope

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4
Q

Avogadro Constant

A

6.02x10^23 per mole - the number of atoms per mole of carbon - 12

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5
Q

Relative atomic mass

A

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon 12

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6
Q

Relative Formula Mass

A

The weighted mean mass of the formula unit of a compound compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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7
Q

Relative isotopic mass

A

The mass of an isotope compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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8
Q

Relative Molecular mass

A

The weighted mean mass of a molecule of a compound compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon -12

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9
Q

First ionisation energy

A

The energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms of an element to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions

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10
Q

Molar Mass

A

Ther mass per mole of a substance measured in grams per mole

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11
Q

Mass number

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

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12
Q

Molecular Formula

A

A formula that shows the number and type of atoms of each element present in a molecule

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13
Q

Empirical Formula

A

The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

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14
Q

Hydrated

A

A crystalline compound containing water molecules

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15
Q

Water of crystallisation

A

Water molecules that are bonded into a crystallise structure of a compound

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16
Q

Second ionisation energy

A

The energy required to remove one electron from each ion in one mole of gaseous 1+ ions of an element to form one mole of gaseous 2+ ions

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17
Q

Standard Solution

A

A solution of known concentration

18
Q

Concentration of a solution

A

The amount of solute, in moles, dissolved in each 1dm^3 of solution

19
Q

Molar gas volume

A

The volume per mole of gas molecules at a stated temperature and pressure

20
Q

How can you convert from dm^3 to m^3?

A

x10^-3

21
Q

How to convert from cm cubed to m cubed

A

X10^-6

22
Q

How to convert from kPa to Pa

A

x10^3

23
Q

How to convert from °C to K

A

+273

24
Q

Stoichiometry

A

The ratio of the amount, in moles, of each substance in a chemical reaction

25
Q

Theoretical yield

A

The yield resulting from the complete conversion of reactants into products - in other words the maximum possible amount of product

26
Q

Actual Yield

A

The amount of product obtained from a reaction

27
Q

Percentage yield

A

Actual yield
————————————— X 100
Theoretical yield of product

28
Q

Periodicity

A

A repeating trend in properties of the elements across each period of the periodic table

29
Q

Limiting reagent

A

The reactant that is not in excess, which will be used up first and stop the reaction

30
Q

Atom economy

A

A measure of how well atoms have been utilised - (sum of molar masses of desired products) /(sum of molar masses of all product) x100

31
Q

Lone pair

A

An outer shell pair of electrons that is not involved in chemical bonding

32
Q

What is a bond angle?

A

The angle between two bonds

33
Q

Dipole

A

A separation in electrical charge so that one atom of a polar covalent bond, or one end of a polar molecule, has a small positive charge and the other has a small negative charge

34
Q

Electronegativity

A

A measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond

35
Q

Dipole-dipole force

A

An attractive force between permanent dipoles in neighbouring polar molecules

36
Q

Polar molecule

A

A molecule with an overall dipole, having taking taken into account any dipoles across bonds and the shape of the molecule

37
Q

Polyatomic ion

A

An ion containing more than one atom

38
Q

Permanent dipole

A

A small charge difference that does not change across a bond, with positive and negative partial charges on the bonded atoms on the bonded atoms: the result of the bonded atoms having different electronegativities

39
Q

Permanent dipole-dipole interactions

A

Attractive forces between the permanent dipole in different molecules

40
Q

Dipole-dipole force

A

An attractive force between permanent dipoles in neighbouring polar molecules

Chemistry (9 decks)

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