Chapter 11 - Basic Concepts Of Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Give the definition of a hydrocarbon
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen only
What does it mean for a hydrocarbon to be saturated?
The hydrocarbon contains single bonds only
What does an unsaturated hydrocarbon mean?
The hydrocarbon contains carbon to carbon multiple bonds
What does aliphatic mean
Carbon atoms are joined together in unbranched or branched chains or non aromatic rings
What does alicyclic mean
Carbon atoms are joined together to each other in ring structures with or without branches
What does aromatic mean
Some or all of the carbons are found in a benzene ring
What does an alkyne mean
The hydrocarbon contains at least one triple carbon to carbon bond
What does displayed formula mean?
Displayed formula shows the relative positioning of all of the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them
What does structural formula show?
The smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of the atoms
What is the definition of a structural isomer?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
Give the three types of structural isomerism
Chain
Positional
Functional group
What does homolytic fission mean?
When a covalent bond breaks and each of the bonded atoms take one of the shared pair of electrons and become radicals
What does the term radicals mean
An atom with an unpaired electron
During heterolytic fission, what do the atoms become?
Ions
Explain what happens in an addition reaction?
Two reactants join to form one product
What happens in a substitution reactions
An atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or group of atoms
What does an elimination reaction mean?
The removal of a small molecule from a larger molecule
What is a sigma Bond
A result of the direct overlap of two bonding orbitals
As chain length increases, what happens to the boiling point of an alkane
Increases
Why does chain length affect the boiling point point?
As chain length increases, the molecule have a larger surface area so there is more possible surface contact between molecules. Therefore more London forces act between the molecules and so more energy required to overcome the forces
What is the effect of branching on the boiling point point of alkanes?
More branching means less surface area of contact
