Definitions Flashcards
Socialisation
The process of learning the culture of a society (as a child)
Culture
The ideas, customs and social behavior of a society
Identity
How individuals or groups see and define themselves
Social differation
The increase of subsystems in modern society
Power
The capacity to influence, lead, dominate or have an impact on a society
Stratification
The classification of something into different groups
Sociological perspective
The ways sociologists view the world based on sociological viewpoint
Ethnocentrism
Judging other cultures by comparing with ones own culture and deeming other cultures inferior while doing so
Subculture
A social group who subscribes to the values and norms of mainstream Society in most respects but may support norms and values that are distinct from society and generally regarded as deviant
Norms
Specific guidelines for conduct in part circumstances such as dress code. Essentially values put into practice
Values
General guidelines for conduct based on beliefs that something is good, desirable, important and worthwhile such as a individual achievement
Social status
Prestige or social esteem attached to a particular role by society, which may be used as a type of social ranking. Can be ascribed-relatively fixed such as gender or achieved such as an education
Social role
A set of expectations attached to a particular social status
Theory
Set of ideas which claim to show how everything works
Theory
Set of ideas which claim to show how everything works
Ideology
Dominant set of ideas which present only a partial and often distorted view of reality aimed at justifying some inequality
Sociological theory
Set of ideas which claims to explain how society work
Macro sociology
Branch of sociology which views society as a social system consisting of various parts which are interrelated
Micro sociology
Branch of sociology analyzing small scale interactions between social groups
Consensus approaches
Perspectives that view agreement as the basis of social life
Conflict approaches
Perspectives that view conflict as the basis of social life
Metanarratives
Big picture of how the world works
Phenomenology
Bran of social action concerned with how humans make sense of the world around them
Ethnomethodology
Branch of social action argues that members of society actively construct meanings and impose them on the world
Structuration theory
Theory attempting to combine structure and action. People interpret the word around them and make choices on how they should react and behave, but those choices are shaped by the structure of society
Interpertivism
Not positivism
Postmodernity
Describe stage after modern moved into period in which the dominance of scientific thought is being challenged and diversity is celebrated
Methodology
The ideas behind the choice of methods
Triangulation
Using different researchers and combining different research methods and different types of data in order to the check the validity and how reliable the findings are
Validity
The extent of which the research measures what it actually sets out to measure and the extent to which the findings are a true reflection on peoples beliefs, attitudes and behavior
Reliablity
the degree to which something if repeated would give the same or very similar results
Value freedom
The researchers beliefs and opinions are detached from the research process and do not prejudice the results
Operationalism
Defining concepts so that they can be measured e.g operationalise social class you could use income as a indicator
Dependent variable
Factor being acted upon such as amount of clothing
Independent variable
Active changing factor such as temperature
Representativeness
How typical the situation is and the possibility of generalizing
Social policy
Government plans aimed at meeting the needs of the population
Sample
A group selected by the researcher from the survey population for study purposes
