Definition Flashcards
What is a traumatic brain injury, or TBI, is
an injury that affects how the brain works
Critical component in the definition of concussion?
Any alteration IN MENTAL STATE at the time of the injury
TAI
Traumatic Axonal Injury
Nexus
a series of connections linking two or more things
What is an associated subtype of a concussion?
A disturbance that is common in concussions but does not occur in isolation from other post concussive symptoms.
Types of Executive Function skills
Problem-solving
learning from experience
reasoning
Remembering what they were doing
What are the components of the Ocular Motor Connectivity Network
Prefrontal
Parietal
Cellabellum
Sleep disturbance with concussion
Sleep disturbances such as multiple nightly awakenings and a feeling of fatigue on awakening are common in symptomatic concussion patients
What is the sensitivity measurement?
TRUE POSITIVE
Sensitivity measures how often a test correctly generates a positive result for people who have the condition that’s being tested for.
A highly sensitive test will flag almost everyone who has the disease and not generate many false-negative results. (Example: a test with 90% sensitivity will correctly return a positive result for 90% of people who have the disease, but will return a negative result — a false-negative — for 10% of the people who have the disease and should have tested positive.)
Anterior Cingulate is associated to what cognitive function?
attention related areas
Reduced Cognitive Performance can be recognized long-term (more than three months) after an mTBI. What neurocognitive tasks can be recognized?
Attention
Executive function
Information processing
Memory
UPMC Clinical Trajectories of Concussion
Cognitive/Fatigue
Vestibular
Ocular
Post-Traumatic Migraine
Cervical
Anxiety/Mood
Three Subtypes of Concussion
Vestibular
Oculomotor
Neck/Cervical
What does a SPECIFICITY measurement mean?
TRUE NEGATIVE RATE
Specificity measures a test’s ability to correctly generate a negative result for people who don’t have the condition that’s being tested for (also known as the “true negative” rate). A high-specificity test will correctly rule out almost everyone who doesn’t have the disease and won’t generate many false-positive results. (Example: a test with 90% specificity will correctly return a negative result for 90% of people who don’t have the disease, but will return a positive result — a false-positive — for 10% of the people who don’t have the disease and should have tested negative.)
What is a concussion trigger disorder?
The Concussion or head injury TRIGGERS a prior history that can worsen.
Name 4 concussive trigger disorders?
Cognitive Fatigue
Anxiety
Depression
Migraine
What percentage of sensory information we take in is visual?
80% of the sensory information we process is VISUAL which is DYNANIC MOVEMENT of the information.
What is the main goal of subtyping concussive patients?
The main goal of SUBTYPING of a concussion is to target appropriate treatment. Each subtype has a specific treatment.
What is the greatest risk to the concussed person?
The greatest risk to a concussed person is that they will be re-concussed or will suffer an injury because they are impaired attention.
What is “Oriented times three” and what is it used for?
Oriented times three means that you are oriented to PERSON, PLACE and TIME.
Does the person know the name of the hospital, the date and the time?
It is a working memory test and not a true test of whether the patient can orient to current time and space.
What is the main function of ATTENTION?
The main function of ATTENTION is to orientate to DYNAMIC SENSORY INFORMATION.
How likely is a concussed person to be injured or re-concussed?
3 times as likely to sustain an injury or be re-concussed., because of impaired attention.
What is clinically significant change?
A clinically significant change is a change in client performance that (a) can be shown to result from treatment rather than from maturation or other uncontrolled factors, (b) can be shown to be real rather than random, and (c) can be shown to be important rather than trivial.
What is PREVALENCE?
Prevalence
Prevalence = the number of cases of a disease in a specific population at a particular time point or over a specified period of time.
When we talk about prevalence, we can either refer to ‘point prevalence’ or ‘period prevalence’.
What is INCIDENCE?
Incidence = the rate** **of new cases of a disease occurring in a specific population over a particular period of time.
Two types of incidence are commonly used: ‘incidence proportion’ and ‘incidence rate’.
What are associated DATA for concussions beyond subtypes?
mechanism of injury
history of previous concussions
length of time since previous concussion
time to medical clearance
past medical history
How do boxing concussion symptoms differ from football concussion Symptoms?
Boxers motor-related symptoms
Football mood and behavioral disturbances
What are compensatory Strategies
develop memory books
shorter work sessions
frequent feedback
always review previous sessions to ensure retention
Nexus
a series of connections linking two or more things
To tie together
What is quantitative data?
Quantitative data is numbers-based, countable, or measurable. Quantitative data tells us how many, how much, or how often in calculations.
What is DTI and what is it used for?
Diffuse Tensor Imaging
Can assess TBI
DTI is uniquely able to probe the microscopic structure and is well-suited for the assessment of Traumatic Axonal Injury (TAI)
What are 4 measures of tissue water diffusion?
FA - Fractional Anisotropy - a summary measure derived from DTI describes the directional coherence of water diffusion in a tissue
MD - Mean Diffusivity
AD - Axial Diffusivity
RD - Radial Diffusivity
What is Fractional Anisotropy?
FA - Fractional Anisotropy - a summary measure derived from DTI describes the directional coherence of water diffusion in a tissue
What is coherence?
1 - the quality of being logical and consistent.
“This raises further questions on the coherence of state policy”
2 - the quality of forming a unified whole.
“the group began to lose coherence and the artists took separate directions”
What is collinear?
lying on or passing through the same straight line
Greatest value of DTI
examining relationship between DTI - integrity - and postconcussive symptoms
What is opposite to empirical?
Empirical methods are objective, the results of a quantitative evaluation that produces a theory. Non-empirical methods are the opposite, using current events, personal observations, and subjectivity to draw conclusions
the degree to which the accuracy of a test, model, or other construct can be demonstrated through experimentation and systematic observation (i.e., the accumulation of supporting research evidence) rather than theory alone.
based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.
“they provided considerable empirical evidence to support their argument”
What is Qualitative data?
Qualitative data can help us to understand why, how, or what happened behind certain behaviors.
What is value of HIGH test-retest reliability?
When you retake the test, if there is high test-retest reliability, then there is a real change.
What is Test-retest reliability?
Test-retest reliability is a measure of reliability obtained by administering the same test twice over a period of time to a group of individuals.
The scores from Time 1 and Time 2 can then be correlated in order to evaluate the test for stability over time.
Persistent?
continuing to exist or endure over a prolonged period
What is MCI?
mild cognitive impairment
What is physiological?
characteristic of the healthy or NORMAL FUNCTIONING OF THE BODY
What is a neurological deficit?
A neurologic deficit refers to abnormal function of a body area.
This altered function is due to injury (or disease) of the brain, spinal cord, muscles, or nerves.
What are examples of ALTERATION IN MENTAL STATE?
DISORIENTATION
CONFUSION
SLOWED THINKING
What are ACEs?
adverse childhood events
What is the somatosensory system
The somatosensory system is also known as the somatic senses, touch or tactile perception.
Anatomically speaking, the somatosensory system is a network of neurons that help humans recognize objects, discriminate textures, generate sensory-motor feedback and exchange social cues.
- Sensory neurons relay peripheral sensations such as pain, pressure, movement or temperature from the skin to the brain.
What is Commotio cordis?
A rare condition that can occur when the chest wall is impacted during a narrow, vulnerable moment in the heartbeat cycle, which can knock the heart out of rhythm
kuh·mow·tee·ow kor·dis
What is epidemiology?
The branch of medicine that deals with the incidence, distribution and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health
Corroborate
Means to support or confirm a statement or belief by providing additional evidence or testimony.
Collaborative
Means working together with others towards a common goal, typically by sharing ideas and resources.
What is Paucity?
Paw city
refers to “littleness” in numbers (as in “a paucity of facts”) or quantity (“a paucity of common sense”). The word comes from paucus, Latin for “little.”
What is a correlation?
a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things.
a relationship or connection between two or more measures
TIC
Trauma Informed Care
