BRAIN TERMS Flashcards
What is the reptilian brain responsible for?
With the everyday business of eating, sleeping, reproducing, and surviving—automatic instinctual processes under the control of what’s called the reptilian brain
What does Cortex mean?
Cortex means bark in Latin, and in this case, it is the outer layer of the brain, full of folds, ridges, and valleys. the bark-like layer of our brain.
What is the white matter of the brain?
The connections between the billion or so neruons
What functions do the connections contribute?
It is through these connections that we are able to think abstractly, feel angry or hungry, remember, rationalize, make decisions, be creative, form language, reminisce about the past, plan the future, hold moral convictions, communicate our intentions, contemplate complex stories, pass judgment, respond to nuanced social cues, coordinate dance moves, know which way is up or down, solve complex problems, tell a lie or a joke, walk on our tiptoes, notice a scent in the air, breathe, sense fear or danger,
The connections between the billion or so neruons
What is the white matter of the brain?
What is neuroplasticity?
the process of reestablishing networks and connections in areas of the brain damaged by the injury.
Cortex, or the outer layer of the brain, is full of folds, ridges, and valleys.
What are these folds, ridges and valleys called?
Folds are known as SULCI
Ridges are known as GYRI
Deep FISSURES. separate the brain into the various lobes
What is the DURA MATTER?
The dura mater means (“tough mother”)—the layer covering the brain—has a few sensory fibers as well, but the brain itself does not.
What is ATTENTION?
That state of being aware of oneself and one’s surroundings—consciousness—on which everything else is predicated, remains elusive.
What is meant by INTERCONNECTIVITY?
activities that involve multiple regions of the brain
What is the function of the Brain?
The command central for not just our body
Waht does the neurosurgeon do?
Removes tumor, abscess, or aneurysm
What are some of the functions of cognition?
cognition includes attention, writing, reading, abstract thinking, decision making, problem solving, and performing everyday tasks like navigating your way while driving, figuring out the tip at a restaurant, appreciating the benefits or harmful effects of the food you eat, or admiring the works of different artists.
What is the function of th HIPPOCAMPUS?
the hippocampus is your brain’s memory center. Hippocampus
What are MICROGLIA?
Specialized “housekeeping” or “support staff” cells in the brain called microglia, or simply
glia or glial cells as I previously defined, sometimes recognize these proteins as foreign debris and release inflammatory molecules to get rid of them. Glial cells are the brain’s unique immune cells and are related to types of white blood cells called macrophages. The resulting inflammation from the glial cells’ actions further impairs the working of neurons, thereby worsening the disease process.
What is Tractography?
In neuroscience, tractography is a 3D modeling technique used to visually represent nerve tracts using data collected by diffusion MRI.
In addition to the long tracts that connect the brain to the rest of the body, there are complicated neural circuits formed by short connections among different cortical and subcortical regions.
Waht are tractograms?
two- and three-dimensional images special techniques of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer-based diffusion MRI
Difficulty of tractogrphic results?
Nerve tracts are not identifiable by direct exam, CT, or MRI scans. This difficulty explains the paucity of their description in neuroanatomy atlases and the poor understanding of their functions. But The existence of these tracts and circuits has been revealed by histochemistry and biological techniques on post-mortem specimens.
What type of neurons arWhat type of neurons are in the hippocampus?e in the hippocampus?
The hippocampus includes the dentate granule neurons and the pyramidal neurons of cornu ammonis area CA1–CA3. The dentate granule is one of the very few regions where neurogenesis continues throughout the adult life.
What are dentate granule cells?
Dentate granule cells are situated to regulate the flow of information into the hippocampus, a structure required for normal learning and memory.
What does the dentate gyrus do?
The dentate gyrus is the first region where all sensory modalities merge together to form unique representations and memories that bind stimuli together, and thus, it plays a critical role in learning and memory.
Does the hippocampus produce neurons?
New hippocampal neurons continue to form in older adults, including those with MCI, Alzheimer’s. Neurogenesis—the process of forming new brain cells—appears to continue in people well into old age, according to a recently published study funded in part by the NIA.
POTS, is characterized by
POTS, a syndrome often characterized by a
1. fast heart rate,
1. low blood pressure
1. dizziness
1. lightheadedness
1. fainting upon standing
1. brain fog
