CONCUSSION TERMS Flashcards
AIC
Alerations in Consciousness
What is the difference between a victim and a survivor of Domestic Violence
survivor refers to those who have past experiences of IPV but are no longer in an abusive relationship
victim refers to individuals with current experiences of IPV
Prevalent and consistent indicators of concussion are
(1) observed and documented disorientation or confusion immediately after the event,
2) impaired balance within 1 day after the injury,
(3) slower reaction time within 2 days after injury, and/or
(4) impaired verbal learning and memory within 2 days after injury.
Prevalent and consistent indicators of concussion are
(1) observed and documented disorientation or confusion immediately after the event,
2) impaired balance within 1 day after the injury,
(3) slower reaction time within 2 days after injury, and/or
(4) impaired verbal learning and memory within 2 days after injury.
Are military concussions different from sports concussions?
neuropathology appear indistinguishable
from sports concussion injuries I have seen.
How is blast concussion produced?
The blast wind produces force that creates an acceleration and deceleration
of the head similar to a sports concussion (although the
magnitude of acceleration in a blast is much stronger than
that in a sports-related concussion).
How long is the acute phase of recovery?
From time of insult to 7 days
How long is the sub-acute phase of recovery?
7 days to 14 days
How long is the chronic phase of recovery from a concussion?
14 days and longer
What are the three recovery phases of a concussion?
acute, sub-acute, and chronic recovery phases
Symptoms of sleep disturbance.
Multiple nightly awakenings
Feeling fatigued on awakening
Attributes of a concussion:
- follows a force to the head,
- may be accompanied by temporary LOC,
- is identified in awake individuals, and
- includes measures of neurologic and cognitive dysfunction
Attributes of a concussion:
- follows a force to the head,
- may be accompanied by temporary LOC,
- is identified in awake individuals, and
- includes measures of neurologic and cognitive dysfunction
What is the MOST COMPEX organ in the body?
THE BRAIN
What is a subconcussive head IMPACT?
A HEAD IMPACT that does not result in a clinical concussion, meaning that there are no IMMEDIATE SYMPTOMS
Lasting cognitive and behavioral consequences
Alteration in function
Instead of increase or decrease
Meta-analysis of DTI shows variable findings, REASON?
Timing of study - acute subacute or chronic or long-term
Difference in technique
Difference in injury -
What are ASSOCIATED cognitive or behavioral Defects
What is likely one of the first symptoms of a concussion that make it difficult to report what happened?
Disorientation or confusion immediately after the event.
Supported by study that combined DTI, neurocognitive tests and eye movement measurements.
Structure or physical
functional
bio-marker
Eyemovement recordings are bio-maker for what?
Variability
Attention
Brain insult
What is the research organization for concussions?
Brain Trauma Foundation
What immediate symptoms can a concussive blow cause?
dizziness
blackout
see stars
disorientated
confusion
What is Ataxia?
‘Ataxia’ is defined as abnormality of balance/stability, motor coordination or dysfunctional speech caused by a neurological issue.
Diffuse axonal injury is the shearing (tearing) of the brain’s long connecting nerve fibers (axons) that happens when the brain is injured as it shifts and rotates inside the bony skull. DAI usually causes coma and injury to many different parts of the brain.
What is Pathophysiology
the study of abnormal changes in body functions that are the causes, consequences, or concomitants of injury or disease processes.
How can one hit cause two critical incidents in a concussion?
First, at the initial impact and again when the head hits the ground.
Either or both together can determine the type, severity and prognosis of the injury.
Is loss of consciousness (LOC) necessary for brain injury to occur?
No
How is congitive functionaing assessed?
Neuropsychological tests that show reasonable reliability and validity
3 features of SEVERE BRAIN INJURY
LOC (> 24 hours) Coma
Amnesia - more than a week
Positive CT scan
3 features of MODERATE TBI
· LOC - less than 24 hour
· Amnesia - 1-7 days
· Positive Scans
operational definition of mTBI
patients with histories of head traumas
within 36 h of injuries Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of
14–15
no abnormal findings on head CT scans
satisfaction
of at least one of the following criteria (1) Loss of Consciousness
(LOC) lasting less than 30min, (2) Post Traumatic Amnesia
(PTA) lasting
24 h, (3) Presence of any of the neurological
symptoms like headaches, dizziness, seizures, and visual blurring.
was kept
uniform and included
NSI
Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory
