Definintions in demographic trends

Question 1

What is the birth rate?

Answer 1

The number of live births per 1,000 people in a given year, often used as an indicator of fertility and population growth

Question 2

What is the death rate?

Answer 2

The number of deaths per 1,000 people annually

Question 3

What is the fertility rate?

Answer 3

The average number of children a woman is expected to have

Question 4

What is the infant mortality rate?

Answer 4

The number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births

Question 5

What is migration?

Answer 5

Movement of people between locations, affecting family structures

Question 6

What is net migration?

Answer 6

The difference between the number of people entering and leaving a country, which can impact population size, diversity, and labour markets

Question 7

What is demographic transition?

Answer 7

The theory that societies move through stages of population growth, from high birth and death rates to lower rates as they industrialise and modernise

Question 8

What are economic factors for declining fertility?

Answer 8

Factors such as rising living costs, housing affordability, and job insecurity, which may discourage people from having children or limit their ability to raise larger families

Question 9

What are cultural factors for declining fertility?

Answer 9

Changes in societal values, such as prioritising careers, individualism, or smaller family units, that contribute to a reduction in the birth rate

Question 10

What is contraception?

Answer 10

The use of methods to prevent pregnancy, which has played a significant role in reducing fertility rates by giving individuals more control over family planning

Question 11

What are medical improvements?

Answer 11

Advances in healthcare that reduce infant mortality rates and increase life expectancy, often influencing family planning decisions and population dynamics

Question 12

What are changes to lifestyles?

Answer 12

Shifts in lifestyle choices, such as later marriage, delayed childbirth, and greater female participation in the workforce, contributing to lower fertility rates

Question 13

What is the ageing population?

Answer 13

An increase in the proportion of older individuals in the population, often due to longer life expectancy and declining birth rates

Question 14

What are the impacts on public services?

Answer 14

An ageing population places pressure on public services such as healthcare, pensions, and social care, requiring adaptations to meet the needs of older people

Question 15

What are the impacts of ageing population on family structure?

Answer 15

An ageing population may result in more multi-generational families, with increased caregiving responsibilities for older relatives and potential changes in living arrangements

Question 16

What is the social policy impacts of ageing population?

Answer 16

Government policies designed to address the needs of an ageing population, including pension schemes, healthcare, and retirement provisions

Question 17

What are the impacts of globalisation on migration?

Answer 17

Globalisation facilitates the movement of people across borders for work, education, or economic opportunities, affecting population composition and family structures

Question 18

What are the impacts of migration on family structures?

Answer 18

Migration can lead to changes in family dynamics, such as transnational families or families with members living in different countries due to economic or social reasons

Question 19

What is the uk sensus?

Answer 19

A nationwide survey conducted every ten years that collects data on the population, housing, and various social characteristics, providing insights into demographic trends

Question 20

What is the Office for National Statistics?

Answer 20

The UK government department responsible for producing official statistics, including data on population, migration, and social trends that inform policy and decision-making