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Introduction to PA and Health > Deffinitions > Flashcards

Deffinitions Flashcards

All definitions within PA and Health

1
Q

All-cost mortality

A

Death from any cause

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2
Q

Epidemiology

A

The study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why

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3
Q

Confounding variable

A

A variable which misdirects the true effects

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4
Q

Exposure

A

The level and duration of dosage to a specific risk factor

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5
Q

Effect size

A

The size of the DIFFERENCE between 2 or more groups (or conditions)

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6
Q

Dose response

A

The link between the level of exposure and the disease response

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7
Q

Generalisability

A

The extent in which the results apply to different populations

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8
Q

Incidence

A

The number of new cases of a condition developing in a population

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9
Q

Health status

A

Disease specific quality of life

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10
Q

MET

A

Metabolic Equivalent of Task - Energy expenditure

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11
Q

Prevalence

A

The number of cases of a disease in a population at a give time

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12
Q

Population attributional risk

A

The incidence of a disease in a population attributional to the population specific characteristics

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13
Q

Relative risk

A

The ratio of occurrence of a disease among exposed people compared to non-exposed

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14
Q

Primary care

A

The first level of health contact (eg NHS)

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15
Q

Secondary prevention

A

The risk of mortality and mobility is decreased in patients with an exciting disease

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16
Q

Sedentary Behaviour

A

<1.5 MET

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17
Q

Physical Activity

A

Any bodily movement using skeletal muscles and energy

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18
Q

Risk differences

A

The difference in the rate of occurrence between exposed and non exposed groups

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19
Q

Syndrome

A

A group of symptoms occurring together to produce a pattern typical of a given disease

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20
Q

Training effect

A

An adaptive response to training

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21
Q

Mental health

A

A state of wellbeing in which every individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.

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22
Q

Wellbeing

A

The balance point between an individuals resource pool and challenges faced

23
Q

Hedonic wellbeing

A

Emotional aspect of wellbeing; moods, joy, pleasure and absence of negative moods

24
Q

Eudemonia (wellbeing)

A

Cognitive wellbeing and functioning effectively. Purpose in life, self-acceptance, personal growth and positive relationships

25
Q

Depression

A

Prolonged low mood, long term lack of self worth and value

26
Q

Bipolar

A

Manic depression

Mood swings: Depression vs. Mania

27
Q

Generalised anxiety

A

Uncontrollable worry
Panic
Feeling of being on the edge
Cognitive and somatic factors

28
Q

Cardiovascular disease

A

All diseases of the heart and circulation

29
Q

Heart rate

A

The amount of times beats per minute

30
Q

Stroke volume

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat

31
Q

Cardiac output

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute

32
Q

Blood pressure

A

The force exerted on the artery walls by the blood

33
Q

a-vO2 diff (arterio-venous oxygen difference)

A

The difference in the o2 content in the arterial blood and venous blood. An indicator for o2 utilisation

34
Q

Non communicable disease (NCD)

A

A medical condition or disease which is non-infectious and non-transmissible among people. Also known as a chronic disease which is the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environment and behavioural factors

35
Q

Diabetes

A

Not having the ability to control blood sugar levels

36
Q

cancer

A

Where cells divide uncontrollably leading to tumours

37
Q

Arthritis

A

A disorder of the joints. Where the joints either rub together or have swelling of the synovial membrane

38
Q

Osteoporosis

A

A condition which weakens bones causing fractures

39
Q

Behaviour

A

The way we respond to a certain situation

40
Q

Determinants of behaviour

A

They are causal factors which influence our behaviour

41
Q

Correlates of behaviour

A

Are factors which are associated which our behaviour

42
Q

Policy

A

A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by an organisation or individual.
It establishes boundaries for acceptable behaviour

43
Q

Public health (quote - Acheson, 1988)

A

“The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organised efforts of society”

44
Q

Health Promotion (WHO, 1984)

A

“The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health”

45
Q

Department of Health (DH)

A

Helps people live better for longer, They shape, lead and fund health care

46
Q

Public Health England

A

A organisation which make the public healthier.

They support, protect and share info

47
Q

Campaign

A

A complete, planned course of action formulated to achieve defined objectives

48
Q

Observational study

A

An epidemiological study that looks at trends and observations
Most common types; cross-sectional, cohort and case-control

49
Q

Intervention Study

A

Groups of people receive a intervention/treatment

50
Q

Longitudinal cohort study

A

Observational method

The same individuals are observed over a long time

51
Q

Exercise trials; Efficacy trials

A

Determine whether an intervention produces the EXPECTED result under ideal circumstances

52
Q

Exercise trials: Effectiveness trials

A

Measure the degree of the beneficial effect under ‘real world’ clinical settings

53
Q

Doubly labelled water

A

Gold standard test for energy expenidture

Introduction to PA and Health (7 decks)

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