Deffinitions

Question 1

All-cost mortality

Answer 1

Death from any cause

Question 2

Epidemiology

Answer 2

The study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why

Question 3

Confounding variable

Answer 3

A variable which misdirects the true effects

Question 4

Exposure

Answer 4

The level and duration of dosage to a specific risk factor

Question 5

Effect size

Answer 5

The size of the DIFFERENCE between 2 or more groups (or conditions)

Question 6

Dose response

Answer 6

The link between the level of exposure and the disease response

Question 7

Generalisability

Answer 7

The extent in which the results apply to different populations

Question 8

Incidence

Answer 8

The number of new cases of a condition developing in a population

Question 9

Health status

Answer 9

Disease specific quality of life

Question 10

MET

Answer 10

Metabolic Equivalent of Task - Energy expenditure

Question 11

Prevalence

Answer 11

The number of cases of a disease in a population at a give time

Question 12

Population attributional risk

Answer 12

The incidence of a disease in a population attributional to the population specific characteristics

Question 13

Relative risk

Answer 13

The ratio of occurrence of a disease among exposed people compared to non-exposed

Question 14

Primary care

Answer 14

The first level of health contact (eg NHS)

Question 15

Secondary prevention

Answer 15

The risk of mortality and mobility is decreased in patients with an exciting disease

Question 16

Sedentary Behaviour

Answer 16

<1.5 MET

Question 17

Physical Activity

Answer 17

Any bodily movement using skeletal muscles and energy

Question 18

Risk differences

Answer 18

The difference in the rate of occurrence between exposed and non exposed groups

Question 19

Syndrome

Answer 19

A group of symptoms occurring together to produce a pattern typical of a given disease

Question 20

Training effect

Answer 20

An adaptive response to training

Question 21

Mental health

Answer 21

A state of wellbeing in which every individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.

Question 22

Wellbeing

Answer 22

The balance point between an individuals resource pool and challenges faced

Question 23

Hedonic wellbeing

Answer 23

Emotional aspect of wellbeing; moods, joy, pleasure and absence of negative moods

Question 24

Eudemonia (wellbeing)

Answer 24

Cognitive wellbeing and functioning effectively. Purpose in life, self-acceptance, personal growth and positive relationships

Question 25

Depression

Answer 25

Prolonged low mood, long term lack of self worth and value

Question 26

Bipolar

Answer 26

Manic depression | Mood swings: Depression vs. Mania

Question 27

Generalised anxiety

Answer 27

Uncontrollable worry Panic Feeling of being on the edge Cognitive and somatic factors

Question 28

Cardiovascular disease

Answer 28

All diseases of the heart and circulation

Question 29

Heart rate

Answer 29

The amount of times beats per minute

Question 30

Stroke volume

Answer 30

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat

Question 31

Cardiac output

Answer 31

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute

Question 32

Blood pressure

Answer 32

The force exerted on the artery walls by the blood

Question 33

a-vO2 diff (arterio-venous oxygen difference)

Answer 33

The difference in the o2 content in the arterial blood and venous blood. An indicator for o2 utilisation

Question 34

Non communicable disease (NCD)

Answer 34

A medical condition or disease which is non-infectious and non-transmissible among people. Also known as a chronic disease which is the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environment and behavioural factors

Question 35

Diabetes

Answer 35

Not having the ability to control blood sugar levels

Question 36

cancer

Answer 36

Where cells divide uncontrollably leading to tumours

Question 37

Arthritis

Answer 37

A disorder of the joints. Where the joints either rub together or have swelling of the synovial membrane

Question 38

Osteoporosis

Answer 38

A condition which weakens bones causing fractures

Question 39

Behaviour

Answer 39

The way we respond to a certain situation

Question 40

Determinants of behaviour

Answer 40

They are causal factors which influence our behaviour

Question 41

Correlates of behaviour

Answer 41

Are factors which are associated which our behaviour

Question 42

Policy

Answer 42

A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by an organisation or individual. It establishes boundaries for acceptable behaviour

Question 43

Public health (quote - Acheson, 1988)

Answer 43

"The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organised efforts of society"

Question 44

Health Promotion (WHO, 1984)

Answer 44

"The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health"

Question 45

Department of Health (DH)

Answer 45

Helps people live better for longer, They shape, lead and fund health care

Question 46

Public Health England

Answer 46

A organisation which make the public healthier. | They support, protect and share info

Question 47

Campaign

Answer 47

A complete, planned course of action formulated to achieve defined objectives

Question 48

Observational study

Answer 48

An epidemiological study that looks at trends and observations Most common types; cross-sectional, cohort and case-control

Question 49

Intervention Study

Answer 49

Groups of people receive a intervention/treatment

Question 50

Longitudinal cohort study

Answer 50

Observational method | The same individuals are observed over a long time

Question 51

Exercise trials; Efficacy trials

Answer 51

Determine whether an intervention produces the EXPECTED result under ideal circumstances

Question 52

Exercise trials: Effectiveness trials

Answer 52

Measure the degree of the beneficial effect under 'real world' clinical settings

Question 53

Doubly labelled water

Answer 53

Gold standard test for energy expenidture