DEFENCE AND VACCINATION AGAINST INFECTION

Question 1

what are the benefits of vaccination?

Answer 1

protecting the individual and the population

Question 2

outline what vaccines should be given to a baby under 1 and when?

Answer 2

8 weeks - 6 in 1 vaccines, rotavirus and MenB
12 weeks - 6 in 1, pneumococcal and rotavirus
16 weeks- 6 in 1 and Men B

Question 3

outline which vaccines children should get from ages 1-5?

Answer 3

age 1 - MMR, Hib/MenC, pneumococcal and Men B
from age 2-10 - flu vaccines every year
3 years and 4 months - MMR and 4-in-1 preschool booster

Question 4

what vaccines are given to 12-13 year olds?

Answer 4

HPV

Question 5

what vaccines are given to 14 year olds?

Answer 5

3-in-1 teenage booster and MenACWY

Question 6

what vacines should be given to adults and when?

Answer 6

at 65 years they should get pneumococcal vaccine
also flu vaccine annually
at 70 they should get the shingles vaccine

Question 7

what is active immunisation?

Answer 7

when the infective agent is modified in some way to eliminate its harmful effects without loss of antigenicity.
causes active induction of the host response

Question 8

what is passive immunisation?

Answer 8

administration of antibodies to an unimmunized person from an immune subject to provide temporary protection against a microbial agent or toxin. `

Question 9

how do vaccines work?

Answer 9

they contain an agent which resembles a disease-causing micro-organism which stimulates the body’s immune system to recognise that agent as a threat, destroy it and create memory cells about it so the immune system can more easily recognise and destroy this microbe on later encounters

Question 10

what are live vaccines?

Answer 10

they contain whole bacteria or viruses which have been attenuated so that they create a protective immune response .

Question 11

what are non-living vaccines?

Answer 11

contain whole bacteria or viruses which have been killed or have been altered, so that they cannot replicate.

Question 12

what are adjuvants?

Answer 12

a substance that enhances the immune system’s response to the presence of an antigen. They are commonly used to improve the effectiveness of a vaccine.

Question 13

which type of vaccines costs more?

Answer 13

non-living

Question 14

what are the delivery methods of vaccines?

Answer 14

orally
subcutaneous
intramuscular (anterolateral thigh or upper arm)

Question 15

what are the main types of vaccines against COVID-19?

Answer 15

Moderna vaccine
Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine
Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine
Janssen vaccine