Defects of the Heart and Great Vessels

Question 1

patent foramen ovale

Answer 1

• defect on septum secundum which is connected with ostium secundum
• caused by failure of fusion of either

Question 2

causes of patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 2

• no clear cause
• chromosome abnormalities
• prematurity
• low birth weight
• prostaglandin
• high altitude and low atmospheric oxygen tension
• hypoxia

Question 3

Atrial septal defect

Answer 3

• failure of proper development of septum secundum

- or failure of closure of ostium primum

Question 4

ventricular septal defect

Answer 4

• defect either in membranous or muscular portion of IV septum
• or failure of fusion of membranous or muscular portions

Question 5

Teratology of Fallot

Answer 5

• unequal division of conus cordis with resultant anterior displacement of aorticopulmonary septum

Question 6

transposition of great vessels

Answer 6

• caused by failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral