deep wounds with fungal Flashcards
infection following crushing or impact
patient’s own organisms entered site or devitalized skin to make infection
what environment does penetrating injuries create
environment of nectrotic tissuie and hematomas
nectrotic tissuie and hematomas create an ideal condition for what bacteria
anaerobes
what bacteria are seen in post surgical wounds
staph aureus and enteric bacilli
what tissue do burns cause
non viable devasciularized tissues
what bacteria do non viable devascularized tissues from burns cause
pseudomonas aeruginaosa
what causes pus and what does it consist of
inflammation
consists of liquid with polymorphonulcear leukocytes and the debris of dead cells and tissue elements liquified by enzymes from leukocytes
what bacteria is seen in peritonsillar abscess
fusiforms, S.pyo, S. aureus, anaerobes and respiratory organisms
where are MIF wound cultures most from
collected close to the GI tract
when can we call MIF
2+ non pathogenic coliforms
OR
enterococci and one non pathogenic coliform
what organisms are seen in wounds
staph aureus
strep pyo
enterobacteriaceae
pseudo aerug
enterococc
anaerobes
what can staph aureus cause
infections, boils, impetigo, and TSS
what are the normal skin flora bacteria
staph epi
staph hominis
dips
propionbacterium
strep mitis
micrococcus
what can strep pyo cause
pharyngitis, TSS, scarlet fever
what are the tests for strep pyo
cat -
PYR +
latex A
CAMP -
Taxos A S
what are the tests for pseudo aerug
K/K
OF - oxidative +/-
met mount motil +
Oxidase +
nitrate +
TSB 42
UV light
what are the tests for enterococcus faecalis
cat +/-
PYR +
BEA +
NaCl +
what is the nitrate reduction test
add reagent A+B turns red = pos (nitrATES -> nitRITES)
if neg add zinc
red w zinc = neg (no nitrites)
white w zinc = pos (reduced further)
what reagents are in the nitrate test
A = sulfanilic acid
B = α-naphthylamine
specimen suitability for wound swab
wound tissue or swab of area
what media is used for a wound swab
CAC
MAC
SAS
CAP
CNA
BAP
What are the normal flora in wounds
anaerobes
enterobacteracae
strep anginosus
b cereus
haemophilus
ent
neisseria (other than gonn)
corynebacterium (other than diptheriae)
what organisms consist of fungi
yeast
filamentous fungi
moulds
dimorphic fungi
colony difference between yeast and mould
yeast - smooth, creamy
mould - fluffy, wooly
what do we use to ID yeast
direct smear
chromagar
germ tube
MALDI TOF
what do we use to ID filamentous fungi
microscopic special stain
culture using tape
growth rate
microslide culture mount
what do we use to ID moulds
shapes
hyphae and condida shapes
collection of mycology specimen for tissues
sterile technique
collection of mycology specimen for hair, skin, nails
hair - pluck no cleaning
skin - clean and scrape
nail- clean, scrape to remove debris, then collect
SDA media use and igredient
enriched
saprophytic and pathogenic fungi
SDA with antimicrobials use and ingredients
selective and enriched
saprobes inhibited
BHI use and ingredients
enriched
rich media for bacteria, yeast, and pathological fungi
BHI with antimicrobials use and ingredients
selective
dermatophytes inhibited
mycosel use and ingredients
selective
recovery of dermatophytes, inhibits bacteria and saprophytes
PHY, PYA use and ingredients
selective
media for yeast and pathologic fungi
candida chromagar use and ingredients
selective and differential
isolation and presumptive of yeast
source, mode, infection of candida spp
human flora
invasion
GI, nails, blood
source, mode, infection of cryptococcus neoformans
bird poo, soil
inhalation
lungs, skin, meninges
source, mode, infection of malassezia furfur
human flora
contact
skin
source, mode, infection of dermatophytes
human, animal, soil
contact
skin, hair, nails
source, mode, infection of aspergillus spp
ubiquitous
inhalation
lungs, eyes, skin, nails
source, mode, infection of penicillium
ubiquitous
inhalaation
respiratory
source, mode, infection of pneumocystis jirovecii
human, mammals
inhalation
PCP-pneumocystic pneumonia
source, mode, infection of blastomyces dermatitidis
soil, wood
inhalation
lung, skin, long bones
source, mode, infection of cocidiodes immitis
soil of arid regions
inhalation
lung, skin, meninges
source, mode, infection of histoplasma capsulatum
bat, bird feces
inhalation
bone marrow, blood
incubation period of fungi vs bacteria
fungi - 4 wk
bacteria - 3 days
temp of fungi vs bacteria
fungi - 22,30, 37 degrees
bacteria - 37 degrees
atmosphere of fungi vs bacteria
fungi- aerobic
bacteria- any
agar depth of fungi vs bacteria
fungi - thick >6mm
bacteria - 2 mm
method of innculation of fungi vs bacteria
fungi - single touch away from edge of plate
bacteria- 4 quadrant
PAS stain of fungi
polysacc in cell wall is pink
GMS stain of fungi
black and silver outline
why is KOH added to hair skin and nail specimens
break down keritin and skin layers to see fungi
what can be added to KOH stain specimen to help ID
calcofluor white
when is lactophenol cotton blue used
tape and tease mounts - stains fungi blue (can be used with KOH)
what does calcofluor stain do
stain binds to cellulose of fungi cell wall = florsense green
what does india ink / nigrosin stain do
examine CSF for cryptococcus neoformans
what type of stain is india ink / nigrosin
negative stain
what is a negative stain do
large capusle is seen clearing around organism
yeast infection organisms
candida
cryptococcus
malassezia
superficial mycoses infection
trichophyton*
microsporum*
epidermophyton*
malassezia
candida
*needs keratin
opportunistic mycoses
aspergillus
cryptococcus
penicillium
candida
pneumocystis
systemic mycoses = level 3 pathogens
coccidiodes
histoplasma
blastomyces
how is topography done on fungal
uses reverse side of plate to iew
what is rugose topography
sinkhole towards the center of colony
what is umbonate topography
button elevtaion with possible rugose
what is verrucose topography
wrinkled convoluted surface
