Decongestant & Antihistamine Flashcards
Used to relieve nasal congestion that accompanies allergies and upper respiratory tract infections
Decongestant
Route of Administration of Decongestants
Orally, Inhaled, Nasally
to produce systemic effect
Orally
directly to lungs with some systemic effects
Inhaled
local with some systemic effects
Nasally
Relief from nasal congestion (common cold, sinusitis, allergic rhinitis)
Relief from pain and congestion in otitis media
Topical Nasal Decongestant
oxymetazoline HCl ( Drexine nasal spray) sodium chloride (Muconase) xytometazoline HCl (Otrivin) purified water, hydroxyethlycellulose, sodium chloride (Salinagel)
Topical Nasal Decongestants
Treatment of nasal congestion related to common colds, sinusitis, and allergic rhinitis
Relief from pain and congestion with otitis media
Oral Decongestant
Stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors in nasal mucous membrane resulting to decrease membrane size, drainage of sinuses, and improvement of air flow
MoA of Oral Decongestant
paracetamol, chlorphenamine maleate, phenylephrine HCl (Bioflu, Decolgen, Neozep forte, Disudrin)
pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
Oral Decongestants
Rebound congestion, anxiety, restlessness, tremors, hypertension, arrhythmias, sweating and pallor
Adverse Effects of Oral Decongestant
Glaucoma, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, coronary disease, prostrate problems
Contraindications of Oral Decongestant
Treatment of allergic rhinitis who do not respond to any other form of decongestants
Relief of inflammation following nasal polyp removal
Topical Nasal Steroid Decongestant
Stinging and burning sensation, mucosal dryness
Adverse Effects of Topical Nasal Steroid Decongestant
beclomethasone (Beclovent)
budesonide (Rhinocort)
fluticasone (Flixotide)
Topical Nasal Steroid Decongestants
Also called H1 Blockers or H1 Antagonists
Designed to relieve respiratory symptoms and to treat allergies
Antihistamine
Agents have greater anticholinergic effects and can cause more sedation and drowsiness
First Generation Antihistamines
Agents have fewer anticholinergic affects causing less sedation
Second Generation Antihistamines
Dimenhydrinate Diphenhydramine Hydroxyzine Promethazine Trimeprazine Triprolidine Azelastine Brompheniramine Buclizine Cetirizine Chlorpheniramine Clemastine Cyclizine
First Generation
Loratadine
Desloratadine
Fexofenadine
Second Generation
Selectively block the effect of histamine at the H1 receptor sites in the target tissue by competing with histamine for receptor, decreasing the cellular responses
MoA of Antihistamines
Allergic Rhinitis, Sinusitis, Urticaria, Angioedema
Indications of Antihistamines
