deck_16358816 Flashcards
“Specialized Circulatory Routes”
Hepatic Portal Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation
Fetal Circulation
misc facts
Blood vessels are usually named for location or the organs they serve
E.g.
—> “subclavian” or “renal”
Arteries & veins of the same area usually share the same name
If a vessel’s name includes an adjective describing an anatomical direction, there is usually a nearby vessel with the opposite adjective.
E.g.
—> Hence, if there is an external iliac artery, there will be an internal iliac artery and both an inferior and superior vena cava.
“Common” means it will further split into “Internal”& “External”
Right and Left are usually the same except for around the heart
Remember to always use LEFT and RIGHT and ARTERY or VEIN when naming
ascending aorta gives rise to
—> Right coronary artery
Marginal branch
Posterior Interventricular a.
—> Left coronary artery
Circumflex branch
Anterior interventricular a.
aortic arch gives rise to
Brachiocephalic trunk —> R common carotid a.
+
L subclavian a.
+
L common carotid a.
Brachiocephalic turnk gives rise to
R common carotid a.
R subclavian a.
—> R vertebral a.
Left subclavian artery gives rise to
L Vertebral a.
—> Basilar a.
—> Posterior Cerebral aa.
common carotid becomes
internal/external carotid
external carotid becomes
Facial aa.
Occipital aa.
Superficial temporal aa.
Maxillary aa.
internal carotid becomes
anterior & middle cerebral arteries
(w/ anterior and posterior communicating arteries)
where does posterior cerebral artery come from?
from vertebral arteries
which come from SUBCLAVIAN ARTERIES
I.e.
Anterior/middle cerebral comes from
—> INTERNAL CAROTID
which comes from
—> aortic arch / brachiocephalic trunk
UPPER EXTREMITY
..
axillary also gives rise to
internal thoracic aa
axillary to
lateral thoracic aa
anteior/posterior humeral circumflex aa
subscapular aa
—> (which goes to thoracodorsal aa,
and cflx scapular aa)
suprascapular aa (fyi)
from subclavian aa
dorsal scapular aa (fyi)
from subclavian aa
first and second posterior intercostal aa
from supreme intercostal aa (from costocervical trunk)
—> from SUBCLAVIAN AA
where does axillary aa become brachial aa
teres major
ulnar aa to
anterior/posterior interosseous aa (via common interosseous aa)
hand?
deep palmar arch
superficial palmar arch
deep palmar arch to
palmar MC aa
superficial palmar arch to
common palmar digital aa
proper palmar digital aa
thoracic aorta
parietal branches
visceral branches
parietal branches of thoracic aorta
Posterior intercostal aa.
Subcostal aa.
Superior phrenic aa.
visceral branches of thoracic aorta
Mediastinal aa.
Pericardial aa.
Esophageal aa.
Bronchial aa.
BRANCHES OF ABDOMINAL AORTA
Parietal branches
Visceral branches
Parietal branches of abdominal aorta
Inferior phrenic aa.
Lumbar aa.
Median sacral aa.
Visceral branches of abdominal aorta
Celiac trunk
—> (see branches)
(Middle) Suprarenal aa
Superior mesenteric
—> (see branches)
Renal aa
Gonadal aa
Inferior mesenteric
—> (see branches)
celiac trunk leads to
Left gastric aa
splenic artery
common hepatic artery
—> (see branches)
common hepatic artery (off of celiac trunk) leads to
proper hepatic artery
right gastric aa
gastroduodenal artery
superior mesenteric artery leads to
inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
(anterior/posterior branches)
middle colic artery
right colic artery
jejunal arteries / ileal arteries
ileocolic artery
inferior mesenteric artery leads to
left colic artery
sigmoid arteries
superior (ano)rectal artery
LOWER EXTREMITY
..
common iliac aa leads to
internal/external iliac aa
external iliac aa leads to
femoral aa
femoral aa leads to
deep femoral aa
deep femoral aa becomes
lateral/medial femoral circumflex aa
femoral aa eventually becomes
popliteal aa
(@ about distal 1/4 of femur)
popliteal aa becomes
anterior and posterior tibial arteries
posterior tibial artery also gives rise to
fibular artery
posterior tibial artery leads to these arteries of foot
medial and lateral plantar arteries
(begin @ sustentaculum tali on 3d model)
plantar arteries give rise to (?)
plantar metacarpal arteries
plantar digital arteries
anterior tibial artery leads to these arteries of the foot
dorsal pedis artery
(@ approximately the level of inferior articular surface of tibia)
dorsal pedis artery also leads to
arcuate artery of foot
together they lead into
dorsal metatarsal arteries
which lead to
dorsal digital arteries (of foot)
portal system
A system that carries blood from one network of capillaries to another
A vein that carries blood from one capillary network to another is called a portal vein
hepatic portal circulation
Carries venous blood from GI organs and spleen to liver via hepatic portal vein
why hepatic portan vein (3 reasons)
- To modify substances that have been absorbed for storage (ie. convert glucose to glycogen)
- To detoxify harmful substances such as drugs and alcohol
- To destroy ingested bacteria by phagocytosis
2 pathways that unite to form the hepatic portal cein (HPV):
- Superior Mesenteric Vein*: drains blood from the small intestine and portions of the large intestine, stomach and pancreas
- Splenic Vein*: drains blood from the stomach, pancreas, and portions of the large intestines
2 other veins that drain into hepatic portal vein
cystic vein:
drains the gall bladder, opens directly into the hepatic portal vein.
R & L gastricveins:
drain the stomach, open directly into the hepatic portal vein.
about hepatic portal circulation
carries O2 poor, but nutrient rich blood coming from the gastrointestinal tract.
liver is also receiving blood from the common hepatic artery (branch of the celiac trunk), thus there is a mixture of blood within the liver.
what happens to blood after assessed/modified/detoxified?
ALL blood, after it’s been assessed, modified, cleansed, & detoxified by the liver, will re-enter general circulation via the hepatic veins
pulmonary circulation
Encompasses the circulatory routes from the heart to the lungs and back
pulmonary arteries vs veins
Pulmonary arteries:
exit the R ventricle via the pulmonary trunk, and split into right and left sides, carry de-oxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs to deliver CO2 & pick up O2.
Pulmonary veins:
return newly oxygenated blood back to the heart at the Left atrium.
Fetal circulation
Defined as the blood circulation through the fetus during in-utero development
“This circulation is active only in the uterus as major organs are immature and non-functional until after birth.”
which organs of fetus not functioning until birth?
Lungs, kidneys, GI tract
do not function till birth.
where are nutrients, O2/CO2, wastes exchanged?
Nutrients, gases, wastes are all exchanged with maternal blood.
how is exchange performed?
Maternal placenta
the special structure that allows exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulations.
Umbilical cord
attached to the umbilicus of the baby, this contains the umbilical arteries & umbilical veins.
Umbilical arteries: carry deoxygenated blood & wastes to the placenta
Umbilical veins: carry oxygenated blood & nutrients back to the baby
recall these structures
Foramen ovale:
a hole in the atrial septum that allows blood to pass from right to left atria
Ductus arteriosus:
a vessel that connects the pulmonary trunk with the aorta
ductus venosus
Ductus Venosus
a vessel that drains blood from the umbilical veins into the inferior vena cava
omentum vs mesentery
A large double layer called the omentum covers the front of your abdomen like an apron.
A double layer in the back called the mesentery attaches your intestines to your back abdominal wall.
epiploic (gastroepiploic)
Epiploic means “of or associated with an omentum.” The omentum is a fold in the peritoneum
