december 6 lecture notes Flashcards
what can the stomach absorb
- very limited
- h20, alcohol, lipid soluble drugs, salts
gastric bypass surgery also known as
Roux-en-Y
gastric juices have what digestive enzymes?
pepsinogen and gastric lipase
what do gastric juices have
digestive enzymes (pepsinogen, gastric lipase), HCl, mucus, IF
pepsinogen becomes ____ in the presence of ____
pepsin, HCl
pepsin function
protein breakdown
gastric lipase works on
butterfat
- weak bc very acidic
mucus is ___
alkaline
mucus function in stomach
prevents pepsin from breaking down stomach wall lining
hormone released by stomach cells that inhibit acid secretions
somatostatin
hormone that suppresses somatostatin and stimulates gastric secretions
acetylcholine
acetylcholine is released from where
vagus nerve
vagus nerve is part of which system?
parasympathetic system
hormone that increases gastric secretions?
gastrin
hormone released as a result of gastrin and parasympathetic secretions, resulting in more gastric secretions
histamine
three stages of gastric secretions
cephalic, gastric, intestinal
gastric functions: cephalic
causes gastric secretion at the taste, smell, sight or thought of food
gastric functions: gastric
distention of stomach due to presence of food
gastric function (gastric stage) caused by
pH
gastric functions: intestinal
occurs when food enters intestine, initially promotes secretion of gastric juice
____ causes decrease in gastric motility
cholecystokinin (signals fat emulsification by bile)
this reflex results in inhibiting peristalsis and slowing intestinal filling
enterogastric reflex
this reflex is caused by irritation or distention of the stomach/intestines or signs, sounds, odors, tastes, etc.
vomiting
what part of brain controls vomiting ?
medulla oblongata
pancreas secretes gastric juices through what?
pancreatic duct
enzymes that digest carbs, fats, proteins, and nucleic acid
pancreatic juice
what stimulates production of pancreatic juices?
nerve actions and hormones (secretin)
hepatic lobules are functional units
true
lobes of liver
R, L, 2 minor lobes
functions of liver
- carb, lipid, protein metabolism
- stores substnaces
- removes substances and toxins from blood
- secretes bike
bile consists of what?
water, bile salts, pigments, cholesterol, electrolytes
pancreatic cancer is a type of
adenocarcinoma
regulation of pancreatic secretion steps
- acidic chyme enters duodenum
- intestinal mucosa releases secretin into the bloodstream
- secretin stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate ions
- pancreatic juice rich in HCO3 ions passes down pancreatic ducts to the duodenum
- HCO3 ions neutralize acidic chyme
gallbladder attached to liver by ___ ___
cystic duct
gallbladder function
stores bile and releases bile into duodenum when cholecystokinin is released
gallbladder releases bile into duodenum through the
common bile duct
increased concentration of bile cholesterol crystallizes
gallstones
this happens when increased amounts of bile pigments deposited in blood
jaundice
term for yellowing of body part
icteric
total bowel obstruction causes
vomiting of feces
what does small intestine secrete?
mucus, watery fluid
enzymes in microvilli
peptidases, sucrase, maltase, lactase, intestinal lipase, enterokinase
lactose intolerance prevalence
african americans, asians, hispanics
movements of small intestine
segmentations and peristalsis
how long does it take to move chyme through enter/o
3-10 hours
absorption in entero
low density lipoprotein, HDL, h20, electrolytes
LDL
cholesterol to tissues delivery
HDL
remove cholesterol from tissues and takes to liver
signs of malabsorption
slits on tongue, cachexia, thinning hair
metamucil
very good as keeps intestines clean
burping
eructation
large intestine secretes
mucus
bacteria that live in intestinal tract that can breakdown molecules and provide us with vitamin K, b12, thiamin, riboflavin
intestinal flora
when checking for bowel sounds, start at
ileocecum
defecation reflex aka
valsalva maneuver
