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mt > ch 10 central + peripheral nervous sytems > Flashcards

ch 10 central + peripheral nervous sytems Flashcards

1
Q

made up of the brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system

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2
Q

system of membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

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3
Q

three layers of connective tissues in the meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater

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4
Q

thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges

A

dura

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5
Q

hard

A

dura

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6
Q

mater

A

mother

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7
Q

where is dura mater found

A

inner surface of the cranium

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8
Q

inner surface of the vertebral column

A

epidural space

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9
Q

epidural space function

A

contains fat and supportive connective tissue to cushion the dura mater

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10
Q

located between dura mater and arachnoid membrane

A

subdural space

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11
Q

second layer of meninges

A

arachnoid membrane

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12
Q

located below arachnoid membrane and above pia mater, has CSF

A

subarachnoid space

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13
Q

third layer of meninges located closest to the brain and spinal cord and has a rich supply of blood vessels

A

pia mater

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14
Q

fluid produced by special capillaries within the four ventricles in the middle region of the cerebrum
- clear, colorless, watery fluid that flows throughout the brain and around the spinal cord

A

CSF (spinal fluid)

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15
Q

largest and uppermost portion of the brain and has four lobes

A

cerebum

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16
Q

located below the cerebrum and relays sensory stimuli from the spinal cord and midbrain to the cerebral cortex (suppresses or magnifies stimuli)

A

thalamus

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17
Q

located below thalamus and controls vital bodily functions

A

hypothalamus

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18
Q

located in the lower back of the cranium below the cerebellum and coordinates muscular activity and balance for smooth and steady movements

A

cerebellum

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19
Q

located in the base of the brain and forms the connection between the brain and spinal cord and controls breathing, digestion, heart rate, bp, and arousal

A

brainstem

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20
Q

three parts of brain stem

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

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21
Q

pertaining to cerebrum or brain

A

cerebral

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22
Q

elevated folds of gray matter in the cerebral cortex

A

gyri

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23
Q

fissures of the cerebral cortex

A

sulci

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24
Q

normally occurring deep groove

A

fissure

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25
Q

outer layer of cerebrum made up of gyri and sulci

A

cerebral cortex

26
Q

cerebral cortex is made out of

A

gray matter

27
Q

cerebrum is divided into

A

two cerebral hemispheres

28
Q

where are the two cerebral hemispheres connected?

A

corpus callosum

29
Q

controls majority of functions on the right side of the body

A

left cerebral hemisphere

30
Q

controls most of the functions on the left side of the body

A

right cerebral hemisphere

31
Q

each cerebral hemisphere is subdivided to create pairs of

A

cerebral lobes

32
Q

each cerebral lobe is named for the bone of the cranium that covers it

A

true

33
Q

lobe that controls skilled motor functions, memory, and behavior

A

frontal lobe

34
Q

receives and interprets nerve impulses from sensory receptors in the tongue, skin, and muscles

A

parietal lobe

35
Q

lobe that controls eyesight

A

occipital lobe

36
Q

lobe that controls the senses of hearing and smell and the ability to create, store, and access new information

A

temporal lobe

37
Q

relays impulses to and from the cerebrum and sense organs of the body- located below cerebrum

A

thalamus

38
Q

controls seven major regulatory functions in the body and located below thalamus

A

hypothalamus

39
Q

second-largest part of the brain; located back of head and below the posterior portion of the cerebrum

A

cerebellum

40
Q

cerebellum functions

A
  • receives incoming messages regarding movement within the body
  • produce smooth and coordinated movements to maintain equilibrium and sustain normal postures
41
Q

stalk like portion of the brain that connects the cerebral hempisheres with the spinal cord

A

brainstem

42
Q

7 regulatory functions of hypothalamus

A
  1. regulates and integrates ANS (pulse, bp, resp rate, digestive activity)
  2. regulates emotional responses (fear, pleasure)
  3. regulates body temp
  4. regulates food intake (controls hunger)
  5. regulates thirst sensation and water intake
  6. regulates sleep-wakefulness
  7. regulates pituitary gland and endocrine activity
43
Q

provide conduction pathways to and from the higher and lower centers of the brain
- control eye reflexes in response to stimuli

A

midbrain and pons

44
Q

located at the lowest part of brain stem and controls basic survival functions (respiration, pulse, bp, reflexes for cough, sneeze, swallow, vomit)

A

medulla oblongata

45
Q

long, fragile, tube-like structure that begins at the end of the brainstem and continues down almost to the bottom of the spinal column

A

spinal cord

46
Q

the spinal cord is protected by

A

CSF and meninges

47
Q

consists of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves that extend from the brain, plus 31 pairs of spinal nerves that extend from the spinal cord

A

peripheral nervous system

48
Q

three types of peripheral nerves

A

autonomic, sensory, somatic nerve fibers

49
Q

fibers that carry instructions to the organs and glands from ANS

A

autonomic nerve fibers

50
Q

fibers receive external stimuli, such as how something feels, and transmit this information to the brain where it is interpreted

A

sensory nerve fibers

51
Q

fibers that convey information that controls the body’s voluntary muscular movements.

A

somatic nerve fibers

52
Q

somatic nerve fibers AKA

A

motor nerve fibers

53
Q

these 12 pairs orginiate from undersurface of brain
- 2 nerves of a pair are identical in function and serve each half of the body

A

cranial nerves

54
Q

how many pairs of peripheral spinal nerves?

A

31

55
Q

categories of peripheral spinal nerves

A

C1-C8 = cervical
T1-T12 = thoracic
L1 - L5 = lumbar
S1 - S5 = sacral

56
Q

made up of first four lumbar nerves and serves lower back

A

lumbar plexus

57
Q

organized into two divisions (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
- controls involuntary actions of the body and maintains homeostasis

A

autonomic nervous system

58
Q

prepare body for emergencies and stress by increasing resp rate, pulse, blood flow to muscles as part of the fight-or-flight response

A

sympathetic nerves

59
Q

body’s natural reaction to real or imaginary dangers

A

fight or flight response

60
Q

return body to normal after a response to stress and maintain normal body functions during ordinary circumstances that are not emotionally or physically stressful

A

parasympathetic nerves

mt (7 decks)

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