december 5 lecture notes Flashcards
digestion of carbs starts where?
mouth
what digestion happens in the mouth?
carb digestion, mastication
swallowing is called
deglutition
after swallowing, food is called
bolus
how is breathing inhibited during swallowing
sensory receptors lead to uvula going up and epiglottis going down
how much food does the stomach hold
one liter
where does protein breakdown start during digestion?
stomach
what is food called after it leaves the stomach?
chyme
four layers of the alimentary canal?
mucosa, submucosa, muscular, serous layer
mucosa and mucous membrane of the GI canal
- inner most layer (from outside, from the inside, it is the layer that touches the food)
- has projections (villi) to increase surface area
- absorption
- has glands to secrete mucus and enzymes
submucosa
has blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels, caries away absorbed nutrients
muscular layer
smooth muscle with two layers
two layers of muscular layer of alimentary canal
circular fibers and longitudinal fibers
serous layer
outer covering with visceral peritoneum
inner lining of cheeks is made of what?
moist stratified squamous epithelial cells
tongue is a
skeletal muscle
when do primary (deciduous teeth) develop
between 6 months and 2.5 years
when do secondary teeth develop
around age 6 and 17-25 years
how much of your diet should be meat?
1/8
teeth that come in first?
incisors
what is it called when wisdom teeth do not push through the gums?
impacted
pH of saliva?
6.5 to 7.5 (due to HCO3 ions)
amylase function
splits starch and glycogen
mucus function
binds and lubricates food
2 types of secretory cells?
serous and mucus
serous cells function
produce watery fluid and amylase
submandibular glands saliva??
serous with mucus
parotid glands saliva??
serous fluid with amylase
sublingual glands saliva?
thick mucus
ph of hcl
3
medications for pyrosis
prilosec, prevacid
what causes pyrosis?
sphincters dont close, so food refluxes or regurgitates and causes mucosa inflammation
lower esophageal sphincter holds ___ in stomach
hcl
the human body is not designed for 3 meals/day
true
proton pump inhibitors used to treat gerd work on which ion?
H ion
1 cause of gerd
bacteria (H.pylori)
