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chapter 10 nervous system functions + structures Flashcards

1
Q

controls all bodily activities

A

nervous system

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2
Q

major str of nervous system

A

nerves, brain, spinal cord, sensory organs

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3
Q

central nervous system includes

A

-brain + spinal cord

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4
Q

receive and process information and regulate all body activity

A

cns functions

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5
Q

12 pairs of cranial nerves extending from the brain and 31 pairs of peripheral spinal nerves extending outward from spinal cord

A

peripheral nervous system includes

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6
Q

transmit nerve signals to and from the central nervous system

A

pns function

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7
Q

one or more bundles of neurons that connect the brain and spinal cord with other parts of the body

A

nerve

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8
Q

bundle or group of nerve fibers located in brain or spinal cord

A

tract

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9
Q

carry nerve impulses towards the brain

A

ascending nerve tracts

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10
Q

carry nerve impulses away from brain

A

descending nerve tracts

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11
Q

nerve center made up of cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system

A

ganglion

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12
Q

supply of nerves to a specific body part

A

innervation

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13
Q

network of interesting spinal nerves (also a network of intersecting blood or lymphatic vessels)

A

plexus

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14
Q

sites in sensory organs that receive external stimulation
- send stimulus through sensory neurons to the brain for interpretation

A

receptors

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15
Q

anything that excites a nerve and causes an impulse

A

stimulus

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16
Q

wave of excitation transmitted through nerve fibers and neurons

A

impulse

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17
Q

automatic, involuntary response to some change, either inside or outside the body

A

reflex

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18
Q

basic cells of nervous system that allow different parts of the body to communicate with each other

A

neurons

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19
Q

patterns of neuron electrical activity (caused by billions of neurons carrying nerve impulses through the body via electrochemical process

A

brain waves

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20
Q

ACE

A

afferent neurons, connecting neurons, efferent neurons

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21
Q

toward

22
Q

away from

23
Q

afferent neurons aka

A

sensory neurons

24
Q

connecting neurons aka

A

associative neurons

25
Q

motor neurons aka

A

efferent neurons

26
Q

these neurons emerge from sensory organs and the skin to carry the impulses from the sensory organs toward the brain and spinal cord

A

sensory (afferent) neurons

27
Q

these neurons link afferent and efferent neurons

A

connecting/associative neurons

28
Q

these neurons carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord and toward the muscles and glands

A

motor neurons

29
Q

each neuron contains

A

cell body, dendrites, axon, terminal end fibers

30
Q

root like processes that receive impulses and conduct them to the cell body

31
Q

str that extends out from cell body

32
Q

process that conducts impulses away from the nerve cell

A

axon
- can be over three feet long
- many protected by myelin sheath

33
Q

white, fatty tissue covering

A

myelin sheath

34
Q

branching fibers at the end of the axon that lead the nerve impulse from the axon to the synapse

A

terminal end fibers

35
Q

space between two neurons or between a neuron and a receptor organ

A

synapse
- a neuron can have a few or several hundred synapses

36
Q

chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse of a neuron to the target receptor

A

neurotransmitters

37
Q

there are about __ to __ known neurotransmitters

A

200 to 300

38
Q

neurotransmitter released at some synapses at spinal cord and at neuromuscular junctions; influences muscle action

A

acetylcholine

39
Q

neurotransmitter released within the brain; associated with schizophrenia, mood and thought disorders, and abnormal movement disorders (parkinsons)

40
Q

naturally occurring substances produced by the brain to help relieve pain

A

endorphins

41
Q

neurotransmitter that affects alertness and arousal, increases bp and HR, and releases stores of glucose in response to stress; hormone released by adrenal gland as part of flight/fight response

A

norepinepherine

42
Q

neurotransmitter released in the brain that has roles in sleep, hunger, pleasure recognition and mood disorders

43
Q

cells that provide support and protection for neurons

A

glial cells

44
Q

four main functions of glial cells

A
  1. surround neurons and hold them in place
  2. supply o2 and nutrients to neurons
  3. insulate one neuron from another
  4. destroy and remove dead neurons
45
Q

white sheath of protective covering made up of glial cells
- forms white matter of brain, covers parts of spinal cord, covers axons of most peripheral nerves

A

myelin sheath

46
Q

portion of nerve fibers that are myelinated

A

white matter

47
Q

having a myelin sheath

A

myelinated

48
Q

portions of unmyelinated nerve fibers

A

gray matter

49
Q

lacking myelin sheath

A

unmyelinated

50
Q

cranial nerve 1

51
Q

cranial nerve 2

mt (7 decks)

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