Debates Flashcards
What are the six ethical considerations?
Consent
Withdrawal
Deception
Protection from Harm
Confidentiality
Debriefing
What are the 4 broader ethical principles?
Respect
Competence
Responsibility
Integrity
As a ethical principle what does respect entail.
Informed consent
Withdrawal
Confidentiality
As a ethical principle what does responsibility entail?
Protection from harm
Debriefing
As an ethical principle what does integrity entail?
Deception
What is competence (as an ethical principle)?
Psychologist should only conduct research in areas they are qualified/familiar.
They should t use an technical equipment or engage in psychological practice the are not trained to
What does informed consent involve?
Each participant must give formal permission to take part and know the true purpose of the study
What’s the best way to obtain informed consent?
Have participants sign a consent form prior to the research
What is withdrawal?
Participants should be made aware that they can leave at any point and there should be. O pressure put on the participants to stay
What is confidentiality?
Names should not be revealed unless they have given permission
What should the researcher use instead of participants names?
Use their initials (eg. ED)
What is protection from harm?
Researchers shouldn’t harm participants either physically or psychologically through distress or emotional pain
What is debriefing?
At the end of research participants should be told the true aim of the study and all the participants questions should be answered
What is deception?
Where participants should not be lied to about the purpose of the study and should be fully informed about why they are taking part in the research
What ethical consideration applies to only observational research?
Participants should on,t be observed in places where they could reasonably,y expect to be observed
How can the ethical guidelines enforcement be defended?
Participants are treated with more respect
This enhances the reputation of the subject
It makes it easier for researchers to obtain participants for future studies
What are the benefits of psychological research being ethical?
- it avoids participants leaving the study in a different p/worse state than when they entered
- it makes replication of the study possible in order to see is the observed effect is consistent
- enhances the reputation/integrity of psychology as a academic discipline
- researchers are more likely to get other participants for future research is they are treated well
What are the drawbacks of psychological research being ethical?
- it can place limits on/prevent worthwhile research
- it can reduce the validity of research as participants know the aim of the study (demand characteristics)
- sampling bias can be a problem kid participants are able to withdraw (not as representative sample)
- insisting on participants being confidential could silence them and prevent them from having people know that a particular result in the study was related to them
What is the individual/situational debate?
Situational- suggests behaviour is explained by reference to the situation or circumstances a person is in. As an extreme it implies putting any person in a particular situation they’d all behave in the same way
Individual- suggests behaviour is best explained by a persons own personality or characteristics.
As an extreme it suggest that a persons behaviour will be unchanging no matter the situation they are in
What’s a strength of claiming behaviour can be explained by the individual ?
- it is supported by evidence of individual differences between people
- could be useful (eg, in placing people in jobs)
- it means people can be held to account for the way they have behaved
What’s a strength of claiming behaviour can be explained by the situation?
- it is supported by the evidence of people being influenced by situations in some way
- useful as it suggests we can change our behaviour by altering the situation that create it
