Death Pathways Flashcards

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1
Q

How is a proton gradient generated in the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

Electrons from reduced NAD are passed down an electron transport system

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2
Q

What are the electrons oxidised to?

A

Water

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3
Q

What are the three major complexes in the mitochondria?

A

NADH dehydrogenase complex
Cytochrome b-c1 complex
Cytochrome oxidase complex

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4
Q

What form is mitochondrial DNA in?

A

Circular, it has no ends

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5
Q

How are proteins targeted to the mitochondria?

A

N-terminal uptake targeting or transit sequence.
Entry requires unfolded protein bound to a chaperone.
Energy dependent, sequence is usually cleaved after uptake.

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6
Q

How are proteins emitted into the matrix of the mitochondri?

A

Membranes must contact and line up, requires a proton gradient

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7
Q

What is Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy?

A

Missense mutation in NADH-CoQ reductase leads to the degeneration of the optic nerve and blindness.

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8
Q

What is Kearn-Sayers syndrome?

A

Large deletions in mitochondrialDNA leads to eye defects and CNS degeneration

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9
Q

What is Ragged muscle fibre syndrome?

A

Mutations in mtNA decrease mitochondrial translation

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10
Q

How is apoptosis controlled?

A

Activation of death receptors on the cell surface,
withdrawl of survival factors leading to activation of an intracellular proteolysis syetem mediated by proteases and caspases

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11
Q

What is the BCL-2 family?

A

Anti-apoptotic found in B-cell lymphomas, block apoptosis

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12
Q

What does adenovirus do in mitochondria?

A

protein forms complex with Bax family members and surpresses release of cytochrome c via mitochondrial pores

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