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Sociology Education > DEA + Social Class (In) > Flashcards

DEA + Social Class (In) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 internal factors?

A
  1. Labelling + SPF
  2. Pupil subcultures + streaming
  3. Marketisation + selection policies
  4. Student’s class IDs
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2
Q

Define labelling

A

Process of attaching a meaning/ definition to individual/ group
Often based on stereotypes

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3
Q

Define SFP

A 
When prediction (label) made about person/ group comes true
Labels = accepted by group/ individual + act in way that matches label
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4
Q

Define SNP

A

Going against the prediction

Label = rejected, opposite comes true

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5
Q

What are the 3 sociologists that conducted studies on labelling?

A
  1. Rist (1970) ‘Tigers’
  2. Becker (1971) ‘Ideal pupil’
  3. Rosenthal + Jacobson (1968) SFP sputers
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6
Q

Describe Becker’s study

A

Study of labelling
Interviews, 60 Chicago HS teachers
Teachers judged pupils according to how closely fitted image of ‘ideal pupil’
Influencing factors: pupils work, conduct + appearance
mc = most ideal
wc = furthest away

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7
Q

Describe Rist’s study

A

Labelling p. schools (US kindergarten)
Teachers used info about children background + appearance
Placed them into separate groups + @ different tables
Teachers decided who = fast learners (Tigers)
Tended to be, mc (neat appearance) sat closest to teacher - gave encouragement
Others = ‘clowns’, seated furthest away (wc)
Given lower reading levels + fewer chances to show abilities

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8
Q

Who studied streaming?

A

Gillbron + Youdell (2001)

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9
Q

Describe Gillborn + Youdell’s study

A

Studied 2 LONDON 2ndary schools
Teachers used ‘ability’ to stream pupils
Teachers less likely to see wc + blacks to have ability
Pupils = more likely to be places in lower streams, entered into lower GCSEs
Denies them opp. to gain high grades
Widens gap

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10
Q

What are 2 problems with the labelling theory?

A
  1. Deterministic (ignores other factors, dep)

2. Marxists: ignore real cause of labelling, unequal capitalist S

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11
Q

Who talks about pupil subcultures?

A

Lacey

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12
Q

Define pupil subcultures

A

Group of students with own unique culture (n+v, attitudes) different + separate to mainstream culture
Can be pro/ anti-school

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13
Q

What are the 2 stages in creating a subculture according to Lacey?

A
  1. Differentiation

2. Polarisation

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14
Q

What is stage 1 in developing a subculture?

Lacey

A

Differentiation
Means separating students into groups
Teachers categorise students according to perceived ability/ behaviour (streaming)

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15
Q

What is stage 2 in developing a subculture?

Lacey

A

Polarisation
Moving to 1 of 2 opposite ‘poles’
Students at top become better behaved/ more ambitious (+ve labelling)
Low set students behaviour gets worse; surrounded by other students with little motivation

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16
Q

What are 3 characteristics of a pro-school subculture? (mc)

A
  1. Gain status + respect through academic success
  2. Culture matches culture of Ed system (valuing success)
  3. +ve labelling, SFP, achieve success
17
Q

What are 3 characteristics of an anti-school subculture? (wc)

A
  1. Gain status be misbehaving (talking back)
  2. Actively reject culture of Ed, fight it
  3. -ve labelling, SFP, academic failure
18
Q

3 criticisms of pupil subc. as an explanation for social class DEA

A
  1. Most people aren’t pre/anti school, but somewhere in between
  2. Most subc. = mixed ability
  3. Fuller study showed anti school BUT pro education subc.
19
Q

When did Lacey write?

A

1970

20
Q

What type of subculture is likely to be formed in the top sets?
(Lacey)

A

Pro-school subcultures (mc)

21
Q

What types of subculture is likely to be formed in the bottom sets?
(Lacey)

A

Anti-school subcultures (wc)

22
Q

Who coined the term ‘habitus’?

A

Bourdieu

23
Q

Define habitus

A 
Lifestyle, interests, expectations + views of a social group
Formed as result of a groups class position + = learnt during socialisation
Similar to cultural capital
24
Q

What are 5 feature of the wc habitus?

A
  1. Fatalism
  2. Present time orientation
  3. Collectivism
  4. Immediate gratification
  5. Antischool subculture
25
Q

What impact does a wc habitus have in education? (DEA)

A

Some students may reject Ed. success as they see it as having to adopt a mc habitus

26
Q

What are 5 features of a mc habitus?

A
  1. Work hard to achieve
  2. Future time orientation
  3. Individualism
  4. Delayed gratification
  5. Pro school subculture
27
Q

What impact does a mc habitus have in education? (DEA)

A

mc values/ habitus benefits the Ed system where as wc values can clash with Ed

28
Q

Which classes habitus is valued by Ed. system?

A

mc
Gives them symbolic capital where wc habitus = seen as tasteless + worthless
Archer called this ‘symbolic violence’

29
Q

What does Archer write about?

A

Uses Bourdieu term habitus to understand the relationship between pupils’ wc IDs + underachievement
‘Nike IDs’

30
Q

What causes ‘Nike identities’ according to Archer?

A

Symbolic violence placed against wc habitus
Some find other ways to achieve status
Create self-worth by rejecting mc values
Wear Nike branded wear, deemed as tasteless by mc
Plays role in rejection of higher education

31
Q

What educational policy did Bartlett argue disadvantages the wc?

A

Marketisation

32
Q

What are the 2 concepts used by Bartlett?

A
  1. Cream skim (having best pupils)

2. Silt Shift (remove pupils don’t want, keep good ones)

33
Q

Why does Bartlett argue that marketisation disadvantages the wc?

A

Creates competition
Can ‘silt shift’ those perceived to be less able
Schools get better results
School becomes more popular (oversubscribed) - ‘silt shift’ + ‘cream skim’
Get better results
More funding
etc. cycle repeats

34
Q

What educational policy has tries to combat Bartlett findings?

A

Pupil premium
Schools get more £ for wc students
will this get rid of silt shift?
Probably not

35
Q

What do Gillbron + Youdell argue that marketisation has lead to?

A

A-C economy
Those going to fail/pass anyway = ignored
Teachers focus time on borderline students (C/D)
More students that achieve Cs, improves schools position in league tables
Called this, EDUCATIONAL TRIAGE

Sociology Education (14 decks)

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