DEA + Gender (Ex)

Question 1

What policies have contributed to a DEA?

Answer 1

Equal Pay Act 1970

Sex Discrimination Act 1975

Question 2

Why have social polices caused girls to do better in education?

Answer 2

Greater career opportunities
Encouraged to work hard + get qualifications
Will get paid the same, treated equally
BUT still £ gap, fewer opportunities (glass ceiling)

Question 3

What is the pay gap between men and women?

Answer 3

17%

Despite the policies put into place

Question 4

Who found that there has been a change in the media representation of women?

Answer 4

McRobbie

Question 5

Describe Mc Robbies study

Answer 5

Carried out data analysis
2ndary data, documents (magazines)
70s 'Jackie' + 90s 'Seventeen'
Jackie - priorities love + boyfriends
Seventeen - focused on having career + being independent

Question 6

How has the change in the media representation of women contributed to DEA?

Answer 6

Media = agency of 2ndary socialisation
Capable of influencing n+v
Role models

Question 7

Why are radical feminists still critical of the media representation of women?

Answer 7

Mags still focus on beauty + make-up as apposed to equality

However, although still about beauty, recently 1st ‘cover boy’ (USA) shows some mags are about equality

Question 8

Who found that women’s ambitions + priorities in life have changed?

Answer 8

Sue Shapre

Question 9

Describe Sue Sharpe’s study?

Answer 9

Unstructured interviews with school girls
In 70s + again in 90s
Found in 70s, girls ambitions = get married, have children
90s = careers + independence 1st

Question 10

What are the 4 reasons why girls do better in education?

Answer 10

1. Changes in W’s employment
2. Changes in media
3. Changes in ambitions/ priorities
4. Changes to family

Question 11

How have changes in the family led to girls doing better in education? (4)

Answer 11

1. Increased divorce rate
2. More SPFs
3. More net-conventional families (Chester)
4. Increase in cohabitation, decrease marriage + fertility rates
   BUT these factors seem to effect mc girls more

Question 12

How has a increase in divorce rate led to girls doing better in school?

Answer 12

Considered unwise to rely on a man for £

Need qualifications, support yourself

Question 13

What are 3 the external factors which have led to boys not doing as well as girls in Ed?

Answer 13

1. Primary socialisation
2. Globalisation
3. Changes in family

Question 14

How has the primary socialisation of boys widened the gender gap in DEA?

Answer 14

Usually mums who read to children not dads (reading = seen as female)
Typical hobbies don’t develop communication skills as opposed to girls ‘bedroom culture’ (McRobbie)
Boys lit skills not as high as girls hone start school

Question 15

How has globalisation led to boy not doing as well as girls at school?

Answer 15

Decline in industries (steel/mining) abroad = cheaper
= mainly male jobs - ‘ID crisis’ (Mitos + Browne)
Can’t be breadwinner
Undermines motivation + self esteem
BUT mc jobs haven’t declined, only applies to wc boys?

Question 16

How have changes in the family led to boys not doing as well in school than girls?

Answer 16

Increased divorce rate
Mums usually get custody
Fatherless families (Dennis + Erdos)
No same sex role model

Question 17

Roughly how big is the gender gap (%) of DEA at GCSE?

Answer 17

9%

2014 = widest since 2003
73.1% girls, 64.3% boys received 5 A*-Cs