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UA > Day2 > Flashcards

Day2 Flashcards

1
Q

This type of urine specimen is the most common type used for routine testing.

A

Random

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2
Q

This type of urine specimen represents a concentrated specimen and is good for pregnancy testing

A

First morning

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3
Q

This type of urine specimen is collected two hours after consuming a routine meal and is used for diabetic monitoring

A

2 he post prandial

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4
Q

This type of urine specimen is collected in conjunction with a blood sample. It is used to determine the patient’s ability to metabolize glucose. Urine is specifically tested for glucose and Ketones.

A

Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)

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5
Q

This type of urine specimen is used for quantitative chemical analysis that display a diurnal variation or may change throughout the day. May require a chemical preservative. An accurate amount of the specimens total volume is essential

A

24 Hour Specimen

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6
Q

This type of urine specimen is collected by passing a tube through the urethra into the bladder

A

Catheterized

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7
Q

This type of urine specimen is usually collected for suspected UTIs, only the middle 30-100mls of the urine void is collected

A

Mid Stream Clean Catch

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8
Q

This type of urine specimen collected collected by inserting a needle directly into the bladder through the lower abdomen. This specimen can be used for bacterial or cytological examination

A

Suprapubic

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9
Q

True or false

Pediatric urine specimens may be collected utilizing a “urine bag “

A

True

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10
Q

What is the minimum and preferred volume of a random urine specimen?

A

Min- 10mls

Preferred- 50mls

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11
Q

A sterile container is required for what 3 urine specimen types?

A

Mid Stream Clean Catch
Catheterized
Pediatric

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12
Q

What is the average urine output in a 24 hour period?

A

1200-1500 mls

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13
Q

What pathological state is described when blood glucose concentration is raised beyond the kidneys ability to reabsorb glucose. Glucose remains in the urine, this increases the urine osmotic pressure and inhibits reabsorption of water by the kidney. This results in increased urine production, increased fluid loss, and dehydration. Specimens will display with increased volumes with high specific gravity?

A

Diabetes mellitus

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14
Q

What pathological state is described by decrease ADH, which makes it impossible for water to be reabsorbed resulting in an increase urine output. Specimens will display with increased volumes with low specific gravity?

A

Diabetes insipidus

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15
Q

Complete cessation of urine flow

A

Anuria

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16
Q

Increase 24 hour volume, usually above 2000 ML/24 hour

A

Polyuria

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17
Q

Any increase in urine volume

A

Diuresis

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18
Q

Decrease 24 hour volume, usually less than 500 ML/24 hour

A

Oliguria

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19
Q

Excessive urination during the night

A

Nocturia

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20
Q

Pale yellow urine indicates a ________ specimen, while a dark yellow urine indicates a ____________ specimen.

A

Diluted

Concentrated

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21
Q

List the three pigments that are responsible for urines yellow color, include the hue of pigments:

A
  • urochrome(yellow)
  • uroerythrin(red)
  • urobilin(orange-yellow)
22
Q

Match the color with the suspected cause:

Brown “beer brown”

A

Bilirubin

23
Q

Match the color with the suspected cause:

Very pale

A

Inability to concentrate urine

24
Q

Match the color with the suspected cause:

Dark orange

A

Urobilin

25
Q

Match the color with the suspected cause:

Bright orange

A

Pyridium dye

26
Q

Match the color with the suspected cause:

Pink to dark red

A

RBCs, hemoglobin, myoglobin, porphyrins

27
Q

Match the color with the suspected cause:

Blue-green

A

Pseudomonas, drugs, Clorets candy

28
Q

Match the color with the suspected cause:

Brown black

A

RBCs oxidize to methemoglobin, homogentisic acid drugs or melanin

29
Q

Match the color with the suspected cause:

Dark yellow/ Amber

A

Bilirubin or urobilin; urine is very concentrated

30
Q

No visible particulate matter

A

Clear

31
Q

Newsprint can be seen through the urine but letters are distorted or blurry

A

Cloudy

32
Q

Newsprint cannot be seen through the urine

A

Turbid

33
Q

Some visible particulate matter, but newsprint is not distorted or obscured

A

Hazy

34
Q

Strong ammonia smell

A

Old sample

35
Q

Putrid smell

A

Bacterial infection

36
Q

Fruity, sweet

A

Ketones

37
Q

Variable order: sweaty feet, maple syrup, cabbage, hops, mousy , rotting fish, or rancid

A

Amino acid metabolism

38
Q

______ foam indicates protein, while _______ foam indicates bilirubin

A

White

Yellow

39
Q

_________________ is the amount of dissolved substances in a solution defined as the weight of a solution compared to the weight of an equal volume of water

A

Specific Gravity

40
Q

A refractometer is calibrated using what solution and what is the expected result?

A

Distilled water; 1.000

41
Q

S.G of Urine containing radio graphic contrast

A

> 1.035

42
Q

S.G of a Random urine

A

1.001- 1.035

43
Q

S.G of 24 hour urine

A

1.015-1.022

44
Q

S.G of Urine majority

A

1.015-1.025

45
Q

S.G correction is required when there are abnormal dissolved substances; for glucose subtract_________per each G/DL, for proteins subtract______ per each G/DL

A
  1. 0004

0. 0003

46
Q

True or false

A refractometer can be used to measure the S.G. of a urine suspected to contain radiopathic media

A

False; use reagent strip

47
Q

What is the indicator for SG on the reagent strip?

A

Bromethyl blue

48
Q

In the reagent strip method for SG, a change from blue to green/yellow indicates a ______ urine concentration(acidic pH)

A

High

49
Q

In the reagent strip method for SG, no change from blue to green indicates_____ a urine concentration.

A

Low

50
Q

Name one formed element that can deteriorate over time, even when refrigerated?

A

Casts

51
Q

What is the most frequently used supravital stain for urine microscopic analysis, and what does it consist of?

A

Sternheimer-Malbin Stain

consists of Crystal violet & Safranin O

UA (5 decks)

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