Day2 Flashcards
This type of urine specimen is the most common type used for routine testing.
Random
This type of urine specimen represents a concentrated specimen and is good for pregnancy testing
First morning
This type of urine specimen is collected two hours after consuming a routine meal and is used for diabetic monitoring
2 he post prandial
This type of urine specimen is collected in conjunction with a blood sample. It is used to determine the patient’s ability to metabolize glucose. Urine is specifically tested for glucose and Ketones.
Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)
This type of urine specimen is used for quantitative chemical analysis that display a diurnal variation or may change throughout the day. May require a chemical preservative. An accurate amount of the specimens total volume is essential
24 Hour Specimen
This type of urine specimen is collected by passing a tube through the urethra into the bladder
Catheterized
This type of urine specimen is usually collected for suspected UTIs, only the middle 30-100mls of the urine void is collected
Mid Stream Clean Catch
This type of urine specimen collected collected by inserting a needle directly into the bladder through the lower abdomen. This specimen can be used for bacterial or cytological examination
Suprapubic
True or false
Pediatric urine specimens may be collected utilizing a “urine bag “
True
What is the minimum and preferred volume of a random urine specimen?
Min- 10mls
Preferred- 50mls
A sterile container is required for what 3 urine specimen types?
Mid Stream Clean Catch
Catheterized
Pediatric
What is the average urine output in a 24 hour period?
1200-1500 mls
What pathological state is described when blood glucose concentration is raised beyond the kidneys ability to reabsorb glucose. Glucose remains in the urine, this increases the urine osmotic pressure and inhibits reabsorption of water by the kidney. This results in increased urine production, increased fluid loss, and dehydration. Specimens will display with increased volumes with high specific gravity?
Diabetes mellitus
What pathological state is described by decrease ADH, which makes it impossible for water to be reabsorbed resulting in an increase urine output. Specimens will display with increased volumes with low specific gravity?
Diabetes insipidus
Complete cessation of urine flow
Anuria
Increase 24 hour volume, usually above 2000 ML/24 hour
Polyuria
Any increase in urine volume
Diuresis
Decrease 24 hour volume, usually less than 500 ML/24 hour
Oliguria
Excessive urination during the night
Nocturia
Pale yellow urine indicates a ________ specimen, while a dark yellow urine indicates a ____________ specimen.
Diluted
Concentrated
List the three pigments that are responsible for urines yellow color, include the hue of pigments:
- urochrome(yellow)
- uroerythrin(red)
- urobilin(orange-yellow)
Match the color with the suspected cause:
Brown “beer brown”
Bilirubin
Match the color with the suspected cause:
Very pale
Inability to concentrate urine
Match the color with the suspected cause:
Dark orange
Urobilin
Match the color with the suspected cause:
Bright orange
Pyridium dye
Match the color with the suspected cause:
Pink to dark red
RBCs, hemoglobin, myoglobin, porphyrins
Match the color with the suspected cause:
Blue-green
Pseudomonas, drugs, Clorets candy
Match the color with the suspected cause:
Brown black
RBCs oxidize to methemoglobin, homogentisic acid drugs or melanin
Match the color with the suspected cause:
Dark yellow/ Amber
Bilirubin or urobilin; urine is very concentrated
No visible particulate matter
Clear
Newsprint can be seen through the urine but letters are distorted or blurry
Cloudy
Newsprint cannot be seen through the urine
Turbid
Some visible particulate matter, but newsprint is not distorted or obscured
Hazy
Strong ammonia smell
Old sample
Putrid smell
Bacterial infection
Fruity, sweet
Ketones
Variable order: sweaty feet, maple syrup, cabbage, hops, mousy , rotting fish, or rancid
Amino acid metabolism
______ foam indicates protein, while _______ foam indicates bilirubin
White
Yellow
_________________ is the amount of dissolved substances in a solution defined as the weight of a solution compared to the weight of an equal volume of water
Specific Gravity
A refractometer is calibrated using what solution and what is the expected result?
Distilled water; 1.000
S.G of Urine containing radio graphic contrast
> 1.035
S.G of a Random urine
1.001- 1.035
S.G of 24 hour urine
1.015-1.022
S.G of Urine majority
1.015-1.025
S.G correction is required when there are abnormal dissolved substances; for glucose subtract_________per each G/DL, for proteins subtract______ per each G/DL
- 0004
0. 0003
True or false
A refractometer can be used to measure the S.G. of a urine suspected to contain radiopathic media
False; use reagent strip
What is the indicator for SG on the reagent strip?
Bromethyl blue
In the reagent strip method for SG, a change from blue to green/yellow indicates a ______ urine concentration(acidic pH)
High
In the reagent strip method for SG, no change from blue to green indicates_____ a urine concentration.
Low
Name one formed element that can deteriorate over time, even when refrigerated?
Casts
What is the most frequently used supravital stain for urine microscopic analysis, and what does it consist of?
Sternheimer-Malbin Stain
consists of Crystal violet & Safranin O
