Day 1 Flashcards
What are the four major parts of the urinary system?
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
List the Five major functions of the kidney
- removes waste products
- retention of nutrients such as:electrolytes, protein, H2O and glucose
- Maintains acid-base balance
- Maintains H2O and electrolytes balance
- Hormone synthesis: erythropoietin, renin, VitD
Middle layer consisting of fat tissue that attaches the kidney to the posterior body wall and provides cushioning against blows. Also important to hold the kidneys in their normal body position.
Adipose capsule
Inner most protective layer that adheres directly to the kidney surface and keeps infections from surrounding areas from migrating to the kidney
Renal Capsule
Outer most layer consisting of fibrous connective tissue that surround the kidney, it’s attendant membranes, and the adrenal glands. It anchors these organs to surrounding structures
Renal Fascia
Secretes mucus to prevent its cells from coming in contact with urine
Inner layer
Composed of connective tissue and adipose tissue
Outer layer
Muscular fibers which contract to push urine to the bladder
Middle layer
__________________Cells line the ureter near the bladder, and ________________cells line the ureter near its external opening
Transitional epithelial
Squamous epithelial
The internal and external _____________ureter help keep the urethra closed when urine is not being passed and prevent urine from leaking between voiding
Sphincter
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron unit
The bladder can hold approximately how much urine?
500 mls
List the six parts of the nephron
Bowmans Capsule Glomerulous PCT DCT Loop of Henle
List the two layers of the Bowmans capsule
Parietal layer
Visceral layer
Initial filtration occurs between the glomerulus and the_________ in the _____layer of Bowmans capsule. This filtration occurs because glomerular capillaries are more permeable
Podocytes
Visceral
The smaller size of the _______ arteriole increases the glomerular capillaries blood pressure
Afferent
The ________ takes fill trade blood out of the nephron
Afferent arteriole
The PCT reabsorbs ____ percent of fluid and electrolytes.
80
Concentrating segment. Allows water to be reabsorbed, but not ions(Na, Cl)
Descending LH
Diluting segment. Allows ions(Na,Cl) to be reabsorbed, but not water
Ascending LH
_________________ is where final reabsorption of Na occurs, maintaining the water/electrolyte balance
DCT