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UA > Day 3 > Flashcards

Day 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is it significant to find RBCs in the urine?

A

The presence of RBCs in the urine is associated with damage to the glomerular membrane of vascular injury within the genitourinary tract

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2
Q

This type of RBC appears with spiny projections due to shrinkage. It is found in concentrated HYPERTONIC urines

A

Cremated RBCs

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3
Q

This type of RBC appears swollen or as a shell. It is found in old, dilute, alkaline, HYPOTONIC urines?

A

Ghost RBCs

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4
Q

How can hematuria and hemoglobinuria be distinguished?

A

Speckles= individual RBCS(hematuria)

One solid color= bursts(hemoglobinuria)

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5
Q

Glitter cells are WBCs whose cytoplasmic granules exhibit Brownian Movement. These cells are generally seen in what type of urines?

A

Alkaline and hypotonic

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6
Q

These epithelial cells originate from the lining of the renal pelvis, bladder, and upper urethra?

A

Transitions epithelial cells

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7
Q

These epithelial cells originate from the PCT, DCT and Collecting ducts? They are round with an eccentrically located nucleus and are often seen with increased protein and casts.

A

Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

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8
Q

What is the major component of most casts?

A

Tamm-Horsfall Protein

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9
Q

Where are casts formed?

A

Lumen of the collecting ducts and DCT

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10
Q

What is most frequently occurring cast in the urine?

A

Hylanine casts

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11
Q

This type of cast indicates bleeding within the nephron

A

RBC casts

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12
Q

This type of cast indicates inflammation/ infection within the nephron or glomerular disease

A

WBC cast

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13
Q

This type of cast indicates damage/degeneration of the tubules

A

Epithelial Cell Casts

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14
Q

This type of cast indicates extreme decrease in urine flow and is seen in chronic renal failure

A

Waxy Casts

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15
Q

This type of cast is much larger than all other casts and formed primarily in the collecting ducts?

A

Broad casts

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16
Q

How can yeast be distinguished from RBCs in the urine?

A

They are refractile (yeasts)

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17
Q

Trichomomas vaginalis can easily be confused with what cell?

A

WBC

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18
Q

When is the presence of spermatozoa in urine considered significant/critical?

A

If found in young children

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19
Q

What is the main protein excreted by renal transitional cells that result in MUCUS IN THE URINE?

A

Tamm Horsfall

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20
Q

Name the 3 normal crystals found in acidic urine

A

Urid Acid Crystals
Amorphous Urates
Calcium Oxalate Crystals
(UAAUCO)

21
Q

Name the 5 Normal crystals found in alkaline urine

A 
Triple Phosphate Crystals
Amorphous Phosphate 
Calcium Phosphate Crystal
Ammonium Biurate Crystals 
Calcium Carbonate Crystals
(P3ABCC)
22
Q

Name the 4 abnormal crystals found in the urine

A

Cystine Crystal, Cholesterol crystals, leucine crystals and tyrosine crystals

23
Q

What crystal is seen in inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism?

A

Tyrosine Crystals

24
Q

75% of all kidney stones(calculi) are made up of what formations?

A

Calcium Oxalate

25
Q

What type of RBCs are seen in a hypotonic solution ?

A

Ghost cells

26
Q

What is hematuria?

A

Intact RBCs in the urine

27
Q

What type of solution are “glitter cells” seen in?

A

Hypotonic (alkaline)

28
Q

Name the most frequently seen epithelial cell?

A

Squamous

29
Q

Name the most significant of the epithelial cells and describe the nucleus

A

Renal Epithelial Tubular

**

30
Q

Give one reason why a patient may have a urinary cast

A

Reduced urine flow/ pt not drinking enough water

31
Q

Name the glycoprotein that is a major component of urinary casts

A

Tamm Horsfall

32
Q

Describe a waxy cast

A

Cracks

33
Q

What does an RBC cast indicates?

A

Difficulty filtering blood within the nephron

34
Q

If you have a fatty cast, what will you see using the polarized light ?

A

Maltese cross formation

35
Q

What % acetic acid will lyse RBCs so you’re able to identify other cellular elements ?

A

2%

36
Q

What is the most frequently used supravital stain for urine sediment consisting of Crystal Violet & Safranin O?

A

Sternheimer-Malbin stain

37
Q

How do triple phosphate crystals look?

A

Coffin lid appearance

38
Q

Which Crystal resembles an envelope ?

A

Dihydrate form-Calcium Oxalate

39
Q

What Crystal gves a “thorny apple” appearance and when is it present?

A

Ammonium Biurate; present only when free ammonia is found in the urine

40
Q

What crystals are oval or dumbbell shaped and often seen in cases of ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning?

A

Monohydrate form- Calcium Oxalate

41
Q

Describe Calcium Carbonate Crystals

A

Small colorless, dumbbell or spherical shapes

42
Q

Colorless, refractile, hexagonal plates with equal or unequal sides
Indicates inborn error of metabolism disorder

A

Cystine Crystals

43
Q

Large, flat, transparent, rectangular plates with a notch in one or more corners “missing corners”

A

Cholesterol crystals

44
Q

How do you report mucus threads?

A

Light,mod, heavy

45
Q

How do you report bacteria?

A

Neg,light,mod,heavy

46
Q

How you report crystals?

A

Report same as epi cells

47
Q

How do you report amorphous sediment?

A

Trace, 1+,2+,3+,4+

48
Q

How do you report yeast?

A

Report “budding yeast seen” of “budding yeast seen with fungal elements “

UA (5 decks)

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