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National Boards Part 1 > Day Five > Flashcards

Day Five Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve type senses continuous touch or pressure in the dermis?

A

Ruffini’s end organs

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2
Q

What nerve is associated with two-point discrimination in the skin?

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

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3
Q

What is the function and location of Pacinian corpuscles?

A

Nerves in the hypodermis that sense deep pressure, vibration and proprioception

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4
Q

What spinal tract is the most important of the descending tracts?

A

Corticospinal tract

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5
Q

How many L of water are filtrated each day?

A

180

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6
Q

What effect does a lesion in the spinal cord have on each side of the body?

A

Ipsilateral side loses motor control and contralateral side loses pain and temperature sensation

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7
Q

What is the extrapyramidal system associated with?

A

Automatic motor movements and gross rather than fine movements

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8
Q

What role does the rubrospinal tract play?

A

It is important for maintaining posture

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9
Q

What role does the reticulospinal tract play?

A

Plays a role in autonomics

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10
Q

What role does the tectospinal tract play?

A

Controls neck muscles

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11
Q

What role does the vestibulospinal tract play?

A

Balance

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12
Q

What role does the pyramidal tract play?

A

Voluntary movements

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13
Q

What enzyme is a marker of osteoblast activity?

A

Alkaline phosphatase

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14
Q

When are high levels of acid phosphatase present?

A

Carcinoma of the prostate gland

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15
Q

What is the name of a molecule or ion required to activate an enzyme?

A

Cofactors

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16
Q

What is the inactive precursor enzyme called?

A

Proenzyme

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17
Q

What happens to Km in the presence of a competitive inhibitor?

A

It increases

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18
Q

What happens to Km in the presence of a noncompetitive inhibitor?

A

Nothing, though Vmax is lowered

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19
Q

What is the role of alpha-amylase?

A

Converts starch to oligosacharides

20
Q

What is the role of beta-amylase?

A

Converts starch to maltose and dextrins

21
Q

What is the role of glucoamlase?

A

Converts starch to glucose

22
Q

What is the role of thiamine pyrophosphate?

A

Functions to aid in tissue respiration

23
Q

What is the role of plasmin?

A

Dissolves fibrin

24
Q

What enzyme in the electron transport chain only accepts electrons?

A

Cytochrome B

25
Q

What reaction does carbonic anhydrase catalyze?

A

CO2 -> H2O

26
Q

What enzyme is the first to appear in the blood after a heart attack?

A

Creatine kinase

27
Q

What enzyme is the rate-limiting step of glycolysis?

A

Phosphofructokinase

28
Q

What hormone makes the ovary ovulate?

A

Estrogen

29
Q

What hormone prepares the uterus for implantation?

A

Progesterone

30
Q

What hormone maintains the pregnancy?

A

Estrogen

31
Q

What makes proteins good buffers?

A

Amino acids and their different PKas

32
Q

What substance that is found in the liver plays a role in methionine and lipoprotein formation?

A

Choline

33
Q

What is important about Linoleic Aci and Linoleic?

A

They are essential fatty acids

34
Q

What is the Embden-Meyerhof pathway?

A

The conversion of glucose into two pyruvates

35
Q

What is the Cori cycle and what is it used for?

A

It recycles glucose if there is not enough Oxygen present for aerobic respiration and converts it to lactate

36
Q

What do we need to know about phosphofructokinase?

A

It is the rate determining step of glyolysis

37
Q

What is presbyopia?

A

Inability of the eye to focus on nearby objects and is caused by age

38
Q

What is the role of Calcitonin?

A

It causes Ca to be taken out of the blood and be stored

39
Q

What is the role of somatostatin?

A

It inhibits the release of GH, TSH, insulin, glucagon and gastrin

40
Q

What two areas are directly inhibited by cortisol?

A

Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland

41
Q

What causes Gaucher disease type I?

A

An accumulation of glucocerebrosides in mononuclear phagocyte system caused by a deficiency of glucocerebrosidase

42
Q

What causes Niemann-Pick disease?

A

Deficiency of sphingomyelinase results in too much sphingomyelin which causes death by age 3

43
Q

What causes Tay-Sachs disease?

A

Deficiency of hexosaminidase A and results in accumulation of gangliosides in neurons which usually causes death by age 5

44
Q

What causes Hurler syndrome?

A

A deficiency of enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase which results in too much heparin sulfate and dermatan sulfate in the essential organs. Dwarfism and results in death by age 10.

45
Q

What is important to remember about methionine and cysteine?

A

They are the only amino acids with sulfur

46
Q

What is the major amino acid in collagen?

A

Glycine

47
Q

What bases are the purines?

A

A and G

National Boards Part 1 (5 decks)

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