Day 8 Review - GI3, GI4, GI5

Question 1

Tx acute mesenteric ischemia

Answer 1

General care - hemodynamic monitoring (if hypotensive, give pressor); Broad spectrum antibx; NG tube decompression; Dx w/ angiogram; Heparin or Enoxaparin; Papaverine (to decrease arterial vasospasm); If embolism, can do embolectomy; Resection of necrotic bowel

Question 2

Indications for Rifampin ppx in cases of bacterial meningitis

Answer 2

Close contacts in pts w/ Neisseria or HiB meningitis

Question 3

Tx Acromegaly

Answer 3

Transphenoidal resection of pituitary adenoma; If unable to resect - External beam radiation, Somatostatin (octreotide) or if that not work, Cabergoline (dopamine agonists)

Question 4

Infectious agent causing diarrhea: food poisoning as a result of mayo sitting out too long

Answer 4

S. aureus (pre-formed)

Question 5

Infectious agent causing diarrhea: rice water stools

Answer 5

Vibrio cholerae (or ETEC)

Question 6

Infectious agent causing diarrhea: pet feces

Answer 6

Yersinia entercolitica

Question 7

Infectious agent causing diarrhea: food poisoning resulting from reheated rice, Chinese food

Answer 7

Bacillus cereus

Question 8

Infectious agent causing diarrhea: most common cause of traveler’s diarrhea

Answer 8

ETEC

Question 9

Infectious agent causing diarrhea: after antibx

Answer 9

C. difficile

Question 10

Infectious agent causing diarrhea: recent ingestion of water from stream

Answer 10

Giardia lamblia (Histolytica entamoeba)

Question 11

Infectious agent causing diarrhea: Mild intestinal infx can become neurocysticercosis

Answer 11

Taenia solium

Question 12

Infectious agent causing diarrhea: Food poisoning from undercooked hamburger

Answer 12

EHEC (O157:H7_

Question 13

Infectious agent causing diarrhea: Seafood

Answer 13

Vibro cholera, vulnificus, parahemolyticus

Question 14

Infectious agent causing diarrhea: blood diarrhea from poultry

Answer 14

Salmonella or Campylobacter

Question 15

Infectious agent causing diarrhea: w/ pink eye

Answer 15

Adenovirus

Question 16

Infectious agent causing diarrhea: liver abscess

Answer 16

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 17

Infectious agent causing diarrhea: AIDS

Answer 17

Cryptosporidium (or Isospora)

Question 18

Infectious agent causing diarrhea: Dehydrated child w/ greenish diarrhea in winter months

Answer 18

Rotavirus

Question 19

Most common causes of acute pancreatitis

Answer 19

Alcohol, Gallstones; other causes - elevated TGs, hypercalcemia, trauma, drugs

Question 20

COPD p/w tachycardia, hypotension, & during eval begins to have seizures

Answer 20

Theophylline overdose

Question 21

ACLS tx asystole

Answer 21

Transcutaneous pacing; CPR - alternate epi & atropine (1 mg IV up to 3 doses), then cont w/ just epi; NOT shock these pts

Question 22

Antihypertensive side effects: first dose orthostatic hypotension

Answer 22

-zosin drugs

Question 23

Antihypertensive side effects: Hypertrichosis

Answer 23

Minoxidil

Question 24

Antihypertensive side effects: Dry mouth, sedation, severe rebound HTN

Answer 24

Clonidine

Question 25

Antihypertensive side effects: bradycardia, impotence, asthma exacerbation

Answer 25

Beta blockers

Question 26

Antihypertensive side effects: reflexive tachycardia

Answer 26

Vasodilators

Question 27

Antihypertensive side effects: cough

Answer 27

ACEi (not ARBs)

Question 28

Antihypertensive side effects: avoid in pts w/ sulfa allergy

Answer 28

HCTZ

Question 29

Antihypertensive side effects: angioedema

Answer 29

ACEi (not ARBs)

Question 30

Antihypertensive side effects: drug-induced lupus

Answer 30

Hydralazine

Question 31

Antihypertensive side effects: cyanide toxicity

Answer 31

Nitroprusside

Question 32

Tx febrile seizures

Answer 32

Lowering temperature; Reassure pts not precursor to seizure syndrome, so NOT give anticonvulsants

Question 33

Empiric tx for PNA in 2 mo. old

Answer 33

Macrolide (azithromycin/erythromycin) +/- Cefotaxime

Question 34

Empiric tx for PNA in 2 yr old

Answer 34

Amoxicillin/Ampicillin