Day 8 Review - GI3, GI4, GI5 Flashcards
Tx acute mesenteric ischemia
General care - hemodynamic monitoring (if hypotensive, give pressor); Broad spectrum antibx; NG tube decompression; Dx w/ angiogram; Heparin or Enoxaparin; Papaverine (to decrease arterial vasospasm); If embolism, can do embolectomy; Resection of necrotic bowel
Indications for Rifampin ppx in cases of bacterial meningitis
Close contacts in pts w/ Neisseria or HiB meningitis
Tx Acromegaly
Transphenoidal resection of pituitary adenoma; If unable to resect - External beam radiation, Somatostatin (octreotide) or if that not work, Cabergoline (dopamine agonists)
Infectious agent causing diarrhea: food poisoning as a result of mayo sitting out too long
S. aureus (pre-formed)
Infectious agent causing diarrhea: rice water stools
Vibrio cholerae (or ETEC)
Infectious agent causing diarrhea: pet feces
Yersinia entercolitica
Infectious agent causing diarrhea: food poisoning resulting from reheated rice, Chinese food
Bacillus cereus
Infectious agent causing diarrhea: most common cause of traveler’s diarrhea
ETEC
Infectious agent causing diarrhea: after antibx
C. difficile
Infectious agent causing diarrhea: recent ingestion of water from stream
Giardia lamblia (Histolytica entamoeba)
Infectious agent causing diarrhea: Mild intestinal infx can become neurocysticercosis
Taenia solium
Infectious agent causing diarrhea: Food poisoning from undercooked hamburger
EHEC (O157:H7_
Infectious agent causing diarrhea: Seafood
Vibro cholera, vulnificus, parahemolyticus
Infectious agent causing diarrhea: blood diarrhea from poultry
Salmonella or Campylobacter
Infectious agent causing diarrhea: w/ pink eye
Adenovirus
Infectious agent causing diarrhea: liver abscess
Entamoeba histolytica
Infectious agent causing diarrhea: AIDS
Cryptosporidium (or Isospora)
Infectious agent causing diarrhea: Dehydrated child w/ greenish diarrhea in winter months
Rotavirus
Most common causes of acute pancreatitis
Alcohol, Gallstones; other causes - elevated TGs, hypercalcemia, trauma, drugs
COPD p/w tachycardia, hypotension, & during eval begins to have seizures
Theophylline overdose
ACLS tx asystole
Transcutaneous pacing; CPR - alternate epi & atropine (1 mg IV up to 3 doses), then cont w/ just epi; NOT shock these pts
Antihypertensive side effects: first dose orthostatic hypotension
-zosin drugs
Antihypertensive side effects: Hypertrichosis
Minoxidil
Antihypertensive side effects: Dry mouth, sedation, severe rebound HTN
Clonidine
Antihypertensive side effects: bradycardia, impotence, asthma exacerbation
Beta blockers
Antihypertensive side effects: reflexive tachycardia
Vasodilators
Antihypertensive side effects: cough
ACEi (not ARBs)
Antihypertensive side effects: avoid in pts w/ sulfa allergy
HCTZ
Antihypertensive side effects: angioedema
ACEi (not ARBs)
Antihypertensive side effects: drug-induced lupus
Hydralazine
Antihypertensive side effects: cyanide toxicity
Nitroprusside
Tx febrile seizures
Lowering temperature; Reassure pts not precursor to seizure syndrome, so NOT give anticonvulsants
Empiric tx for PNA in 2 mo. old
Macrolide (azithromycin/erythromycin) +/- Cefotaxime
Empiric tx for PNA in 2 yr old
Amoxicillin/Ampicillin
