Day 3 Solid State Lecture Flashcards
Refers to any control devices which utilize semi-conductor materials to control the flow of electrons in various types of electronic circuits
Solid State
A material will conduct electricity based on the number of ________ in the valence shell.
electrons
3 or less electrons in valence conductor
Material with exactly 4 electrons in the valence shell are ______ ______
semi-conductor
Material with 5 or more electrons in the valence shell are _______
insulators (non-conductor)
_______ and ________ are elements which have 4 electrons in valence shell
Silicon and Germanium
In a pure state these elements do not conduct
Silicon and Germanium
All covalent bonds are made between ______ in a _____
atoms in a molecule
To get germanium and silicon to carry a current you must dope it with an atom with 5 electrons in its valence shell
The process of adding impurities to silicon or germanium to give it specific conductive properties
DOPING
Doping materials with 5 electrons
Arsenic
Bismuth
Antimony
These elements have 5 electrons in the valence shell
Arsenic
Bismuth
Antimony
When added to semi-conductor base extra electrons are left over when all the covalent bonds are made
Doping materials
Semi conductors called “N” type materials are also called
_____ material
DONOR
Doping materials with 3 electrons
Boron
Indium
Gallium
These elements have only 3 electrons in the valence shell
Boron
Indium
Gallium
When added to semi-conductor base spaces for electrons called _____ are left over
“holes”
Semi conductors called “P” type materials are also called
_____ material
Also called ACCEPTOR material
Combine N and P material together and you will get a ____
DIODE
Current can flow in one direction but not the other when using an
An electronic check valve
The purpose of a diode is to allow current flow in ONE direction & STOP current in the other direction
The “P” side of a diode is called the ANODE
The “N” side is called the CATHODE
When a piece of P-type and N-type silicon are joined, the electrons and holes combine along the junction and form a depletion area, or a potential hill.
Diodes with a Reverse BIAS
P side is connected to NEGATIVE
N side is connected to POSITIVE
Diode will not conduct
A semiconductor is forward-biased when the positive terminal of the power source is attached to the P-type material and the negative terminal is attached to the N-type
Diodes with a forward BIAS have
P side is connected to positive
N side is connected to negative
Diode conducts low resistance
