Day 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Atomic Wt of Cr
A
51.996 g
2
Q
Atomic Wt of Ni
A
58.693 g
3
Q
Atomic Wt of Au
A
196.97 g
4
Q
Atomic Wt of O
A
15.999 g
5
Q
Atomic Wt of Zn
A
65.38 g
6
Q
Atomic Wt of Hg
A
200.59 g
7
Q
Atomic Wt of Cu
A
63.546 g
8
Q
Atomic Wt of Fe
A
55.845
9
Q
1 assay ton
A
29.1666 g
10
Q
Why are sulfides good in flotation?
A
Hydrophobicity except for zinc
11
Q
Oil exploration location in 2008
A
Tañon Strait
12
Q
Crisscross of veins or veinlets
A
Stockwork
13
Q
Secondary mineral in a fracture
A
vein
14
Q
Acid used to extract Uranium
A
Ammonium Nitrate (NH4)2NO3 or Sulfuric Acid H2SO4
15
Q
Sulfate used as drilling mud
A
Barite
16
Q
Scale of an army map
A
1:50,000
17
Q
Philex Negros mine extracts
A
AU and Cu
18
Q
Gold SG
A
19.3
19
Q
Cr SG
A
4.6
20
Q
Graphite SG and Hardness
A
2 and 1-2
21
Q
Sphalerite SG
A
4ish
22
Q
Sphalerite Hardness
A
3.5-4
23
Q
Host rock in Philex Bulawan in Negros
A
Dacite Porphyry breccia
24
Q
Porphyry zone where most gold mineralization is found
A
Quartz-sericite-calcite
25
Describe Porphyry rock (Grain size, phenocryst type, ground mass )
Large rgained, quartz or feldspar phenocryst, silicate aphanitic groundmass
26
Where and How Sudbury Basin formed
Canadian Shield and meteorite impact
27
Sudbury basin metals extracted
Ni and Cu
28
Main resource formed in the Pre-Cambrian
Gold
29
Measured plus indicated resource
Demonstrated resources
30
Aside from modifying factors, the 3 most important info needed from resource to become reserve
(Quantity and Grade) (Econ feasible prod) (tech for ore extn and proc is available)
31
number of tectonic plates on earth
12 major plates
32
What is triboluminescence?
Luminous upon crushing
33
Chem formula of Calaverite
AuTe2
34
Chem form of Covellite
CuS
35
Types of Gypsum
Satin spar, selenite, alabaster
36
Other name for Iceland Spar
Calcite (Optically clear)
37
Other name for lodestone
Magnetite
38
Rutile, Anastase, Brookite
TiO2
39
Realgar formula name
Realgar
40
Carbonate ore of Mg
Magnesite (MgCO3)
41
Synonym for dolomite
Pearl Spar
42
Ore of Antimony (Sb2S3)
Stibnite
43
Pyrrhotite chemical formula
FeS
44
Carbonate ore of lead
Cerrusite
45
Known as "Black-Jack"
Sphalerite
46
Ions that lends color
Chromophore
47
Anhydrous Gypsum
Anhydrite
48
Emerald is a variety of
Beryl
49
3 Corundrum varieties
Rub, Sapphire, emery
50
Violet or purple variety of quartz
Amethyst
51
Forsterite-Fayalite solid solution cations
Mg to Fe
52
"the layer of unconsolidated rocky material covering bedroc"
Regolith
53
Bedding less than 1 cm thick
laminae
54
Bedding 1 cm or thicker
strata
55
Blue mineral in metamorphic rocks
glaucophane
56
Makes Greenschist green
Chlorite, epidote, actinolite
57
Index mineral is?
min that charcterize ea metamorphic zone
58
Definition of porphyritic texture
two contrasting crystal size, phenocryst and groundmassgroundmass
59
Igneous rock w/ very rapid cooling
glassy
60
Define fragmental texture
broken fragments of rock bc of volcanic eruption
61
Mafic composed of this % of olivine and pyroxene
> 45%
62
What is Porphyroblast?
like porphyrytic but for sedimentary rock
63
Pyroelectric is?
Naturally polarized crystal with a natural electric field
64
Thermoluminescence means
emits visible light when subjected to lower relative heat
65
amount of dark minerals in felsic
15% or less
66
Intermediate ig rock contains this % of dark minerals
15-45%
67
3 elements PGE's combine with
Sb, Sb, S
68
Amount of alumina in refractory chromite
>20%
69
Stratiform chromite contains this
V2O5
70
Most common Carbonate minerral in epithermal deposits
Calcite
71
Processes that epithermal deposits undeergo
1. heat source,
2. fluid flow,
3. chemical reaction
72
Most common skarn deposit in the world
Calcic Endoskarn
73
Mineral deposit that comes from simple crystallization of intrusive bodies
Magmatic deposit
74
A way a magmatic deposit forms diff minerals
Segregation
75
VMS with no lead and galena in it
Cyprus
76
Porphyry zone that results from deep acid fluids and magmatic SO2
high temperature advanced argilic
77
Argillic are formed by
neutral pH-chloride fluids
78
Where gold is most like ly found
Silicification
79
Exsolution means
Solid solution phase unmixes into two separate phases
80
Contact metasomatism means?
When a fluid from magma contact alters wall rock consituents
81
Define "residual concentration"
Val minerals that form after weathering of other minerals (ie. laterite)
82
Describe deposit in Kuroko type
Strata bound polymetallic mineral due to submarine felsic volcanism
83
Describe deposit in Cyprus type
Stratiform/Massive base metal sulfide assoc w/ mafic-ultramafic composition, High Lead and mod Silver
84
Describe Besshi type
Strata bound massive cupriferous iron sulfide deposits in bed or lenticular for concordant to crystalline schist
85
Represents concentration of diffuse metals
metalliferous deposits
86
Decrease in pressure promotes
precipitation
87
Hydrothermal deposit temp range for epithermal
50-200 C
88
Hydrothermal deposit temp range for
200-300C
89
Hydrothermal deposit temp range for
300-500C
90
Primary deposit synonym
Supergene deposit
91
Secondary deposit synonym
Supergene deposit
92
Ideal Cr:Fe ration of Metallurgical grade chromite
2.5:1 or 3:1
93
Ideal Cr:Fe ration of Chemical grade chromite
1.5 to 1.6 : 1
94
Crtstallization differentiation and residual magma accumulation results in what type of deposit
Residual liquid segregation deposit
95
Crystallization differentiation and accumulation deposit equals
Segregation
96
Potassic zone is comprised of these common minerals
orthoclase (kfelds), quartz alunite, secondary biotite
97
Argillic zone common minerals
Quartz sericite, calcite, pyrite, CLAY
98
Phyllic common minerals
has white alumin-silicate minerals gypsum, anhydrite, zeolite and other like calcite
99
Expansive clays 3 examples
montmorillonite, smectite, bentonite
100
High sulfidation minerals
qtz-alunite-pyrophyllite-kaolinite
101
Low sulfidation minerals
qtz-calcite-adularia-illite
102
Ph of Low and High Sulfidation
Neutral and Acidic
103
Homonhon Samar Chromite type
Chemical
104
Black lignite synonym
sub-bituminous
105
Moisture content of lignite
45%
106
MC % of bituminous
20%
107
Three plates joining is called
triple junction
108
Adularia description
colorless, translucent to transparent feldspar that occur in low temperature veins
109
Largest diamond producer
De Beers
110
Term for a mineral wtih no variance in color
Idiochromatic
111
Opposite of Idiochromatic
Allochromatic
112
Clast means
Fragments in sed rocks from previous rocks
113
Siliceous ore of a biochemical origin
Chert
114
Direct exploration method
Geological sampling and mapping
115
Meaning of Phenocryst
large well shaped crystal in ig rock
116
Metamorphogenetic VMS
Besshi
117
Pioneer of Open pit mining of vein deposit
Masbate Gold
118
Largest Gold producer
Philex Mine (Padcal)
119
Bonanza deposit in Philippines
Acupan Mine Baguio
120
Mine in Paracale, Camarines Norte
United Paragon Mining Corporation
121
Mineral extracted by United Paragon MC
Gold
122
What a Refractory has that a metallurgical chromite does not
Al2O3 and MgO
123
Other name of Besshi
Kieslager
124
Zone 1 of Podiform Chromite
Harzburgite
125
Chromite type in harzburgite zone
Metallurgical grade
126
Zone 2 of Podiform Chromite
upper level Dunite (high amount of metallurgical and refractory chromite)
127
Zone 3 of Podiform Chromite
interlayer of dunite and wehrlite (crust mantle transition)
128
Chromite is found in what part of a laterite deposit,
lowest laterite layer
129
Deposit found in zone 3 of podiform
Nickel platinum sulfides
130
Hypothermal deposit formed
high temperature and pressure
131
Telethermal deposit description
Shallow, low temperature
132
Leptothermal conditions
bet Epithermal and Mesothermal
133
VMS type Keiko description
Volcano-exhalative type w. Chalcopyrite dominantly found in silicate rock
134
Kuroko mineral deposits
Black ores: Sphalerite, Galena w/ barite and Chalcopyrite
135
Oil and Natural gas organic matter origin
marine organisms
136
Most suitable reservoir for oil
Sandstone
137
When is natural gas formed
during conversion of organic matter to petroleum
138
The word "stone" is used in what industry?
Quarrying
139
Also called "block lead" or "plumbago"
Graphite
140
Difference of Consequent and Subsequent streams
Consequent follows the original stream or slope, Subsequent follows the path of the weakest strata
141
Local base level means
Lowest altitude w/c a stream can erode its channel
142
Fossils mostlly found in this type of rock
limestone
143
Extension of batholiths on the rocks above
Cupola
144
Acoje Mine Chromite type
Metallurgical grade
145
Coto Mine Chromite type
refractory grade
146
Hinatuan Mine Surigao del Norte Nickel ore
garnierite
147
Kind of deposit in Marinduque
Porphyry
148
Kind of deposit in Sipalay, Negros
Porphyry type
149
Zamabales Deposit type
Porphyry
150
What is a Speleothem
Cave formations from limestone and dolostones
151
Calcareous rock formed from Hot springs
Travertine
152
Gradual mass wasting when soil is partly frozen
Solifluction
153
San Andreas Fault is a
Right lateral strike slip fault
154
Length of San Andreas fault
1200 km or 750 mi
155
Marikina fault is what kind
right lateral strike slip fauit
156
Philippine fault
left lateral strike slip fauit
157
Philippine fault length
1200 km
158
Migmatite description
Alternating met and ig layers due to partial melting
159
Which is basaltic and wc is felsic (Scoria, pumice)
Pumice - felsic
| Scoria - basalt
160
Ignimbrite is formed when
> broken rocks is mixed with glass matrix bc rocks and >> magma is mixed during explosion
> Magma cools quickly making glass
> Deposited at bot of volcano
161
Diff of bomb and block
Block is erupted in solid condition (angular)
| Bomb is erupted in liquid form
162
3 Types of Pyroclasts (by size)
Ash - less than 2 mm
Lapilli - 2mm - 64 mm
Blocks - 64 mm and greater
163
Pegmatitic texture size
Grains > 1 cm
164
Phaneritic texture means
1 - 10 cm grains grains like granite
165
Aphanitic texture is
1 mm or less
166
What is tuff
compacted volcanic dust
167
Counterpart of volcanic breccia
Agglomerate (sub-rounded clast or bombs)
168
Caliche descrp
Calcium carbonate deposit in arid climate
169
Orthoclase formula
KAlSi3O8
170
Intermediate bet Rhyolite and Andesite
Dacite
171
Diabasic texture descr
Euhedral lath-shaped plag felds set in fine mafic matrix
172
Proposed Catastrophism
Georges Cuvier
173
Proposed Big Bang thery
Georges Lemaitre
174
What is "Jet"
Decaying wood that is extremely compacted
175
What is a Surtseyan Eruption
Eruption with the interaction of magma and srufacwater
176
Describe Strombolian Eruption
Mildly explosive that lasts seconds to minutes
| w/ lots of pyro'c matl
177
Desc Vulcanian eruption
Irregular explosions of dense clouds with some andesitic magma
178
Desc Pelean Eruption
Large amount of pyroclastic flow
| Ande to Rhyo magma
179
Desc Plinian
Columns of debris and gasses spewed out
| w/ Pyro surge
180
Layers of atmosphere from highest to lowest
1. Exosphere
2. Thermosphere
3. Mesosphere
4. Stratosphere
5. Mesosphere
181
Opal is a gemstone made up of
Quartz
182
Green gemstone of qtz
Adventurine
183
Cryptocrystalline silica
Chalcedony
184
Texture of Agate
Alt bands of crypto and micro granular quartz
185
What is a Craton
stable part of continental plate
186
What is a shield
Part of a Craton that outcrops to surface
187
French word for Sausage
Boudin
188
What material are Boudins seen
Schists
189
Desc Mullion
cylindrical and riblike formed from soft and stiff layer
190
What is a Supratenous fold
Thickening of syncline and thinning at anticline
191
Mineral also known as "heavy spar"
Barite
192
Brown and hydrated oxide of manganese
Manganite
193
Anticlinorium meaning
Large super imposed anticline
194
Large scale anticline
Geanticline
195
Bend in a horizontal strata
Monocline
196
Diff of auto and alloch-tonous
Auto - indigenous
| Alloch - from other
197
Other name of "Tectonic Window"
Fenster
198
Soil profile
```
O - humus
A - mineral + humus
E - Clay layer and Zone of leaching
B - Transition broken bedrock
C - bedrock
```
199
What is a Bolson
Valley or depression in playa
200
Smaller plateau
Butte
201
What is a playa
dry lake that becomes a salt pan
202
Sand and gravel left by retreating glacier and features water flow from glacier
Moraine
203
What are Eskers
Long winding deposited sands by streams inside glacier which then melted`
204
Crescent dunes
Barchan
205
Diff of 3 coral reef types
1. Fringing - grows seaward from shore
2. Atoll - like fringing but surrounds a sunken volcano
3. Barrier - grow in middle of sea, expanse of water bet reef and shore is called a lagoon
206
Climate for laterite deposit
tropical
207
Base level
lower limit of stream erosion
208
Phosphate mineral that can contain RRE
Monazite
209
Process of extraction Al from Bauxite
Bayer process
210
Bayer process descrp
Al2O3 is dissolved in cryolite bath
Carbon anodes pass electric current
O2 comb w/ anode, Al is left in molten form
211
What is an accretionary prism
Scraped off layer of subductiong plate
212
Metamorphicl rockmade up of talc
Soapstone
213
Cassiterite formula
SnO2
214
Cerussite formula
PbCo3
215
Lead ore processing
1. Concentration
2.Sinter
3.Blast furnace
4, Refined
216
Main mineral that signifies supergene sulphide enrichment
Chalcocite
217
2 Pt ore minerals
Sperrylite
| Braggite
218
Uraninite in the Phil is assoc with what type of deposit
Kuroko
