Day 1 Mining methods and Blasting Flashcards
1
Q
What class of UG Mining method is Sublevel Stoping
A
Unsupported
2
Q
Ore and Rock Strength for Unsipported Methods
A
Strong to Moderate
Competent wall rock
3
Q
Ore and Rock Strength for Supported
A
Moderate to Weak
Incompetent
4
Q
Mechanical Surface Mining Ore and Rock Strength
A
Any Ore strength
Consolidated
5
Q
Shrinkage Stoping UG Mining Class
A
Unsupported
6
Q
2 Supergene ore Secondary sulfide ore in Copper deposits
A
Chalcocite
Covellite
7
Q
3 Hypogene/Primary Supergene ore
A
Pyrite
Chalcopyrite
Bornite
8
Q
These 2 alteration zones compose most of Porphyry copper deposits
A
Potassic
Phyllic
9
Q
Alteration zone w/ Cu-Base metal
Veins and stockworks are found
A
Phyllic
Argillic
Propylitic
10
Q
Alteration zone where Au-Ag veins are found
A
Argillic
Propylitic
11
Q
This is found above the water table in Massive copper deposit
A
Zone of Oxidation
12
Q
Found inZone of oxidation
A
Leached zone (FeO, Qtz) Oxidized ore (Malach, Azu, Cup, Chrysocolla)
13
Q
Highest concentration of Magnesium in Nickeliferous laterites
A
Bottom Saprolite
14
Q
Highest concentration of of Cr in Ni Laterite
A
Limonite
15
Q
Highest conc of Cobalt in Ni Laterite
A
Limonite
16
Q
L:arge scale Breccia formed from Obduction
A
Melange
17
Q
Zone of seismicity in a subducting slab
A
Wadati-Benioff Zone
18
Q
Where crust accretes
A
Divergent boundary
19
Q
Cordillera Mountain range is formed by this tectonic event
A
Oceanic crust subducting under continental crust
20
Q
Composition and pH of magma from subducting plate
A
Calc-alkaline
21
Q
Tectonic setting of SEDEX Pb-Zn deposits
A
Continental Side of
Back-Arc Basin
22
Q
SEDEX deposit is most commonly hosted in
A
Black Shale
23
Q
SEDEX deposit in Australia
A
Mt. Isa
24
Q
Term when blasting breaks beyond the limit planned
A
Overbreak
25
Opposite of Final Pit slope
Working Pit slope
26
Another name for waste stockpile
Spoil Bank
27
Continuous Excavator for Dredging
Bucketwheel
| Bucketline
28
An incline is what type of development
Primary
29
Intersection of passageway and the surface
Portal
30
Other term for Hydraulic roof support
Chock
31
Prosopecting: Stage I and II
1st Regional Appraisal
| 2nd Detailed Recon
32
Explo : Stage III and IV
3rd - Detailed Surface appraisal
| 4th - 3D Sampling and prelim eval
33
Titanium is used in
Jet Engines
34
Metal used in Car batteries
Lead
35
"Due Diligence" entails this
Literature and technical reports review]
36
Crust where Philippines is on
Philippine Mobile Belt
37
Common minerals in potassic zone
Quartz
K-felds
Biotite
38
Sulfide Zonation comprises of
Bornite rich core
Chalcopyrite rich zone
Pyrite rich outer zone
39
Common minerals in Argillic
Kaolinite
| Smectite
40
Common minerals in Advanced Argillic
```
Qtz
Kaolinite
Alunite
Pyrophillite
Dickite
```
41
Common minerals in Phyllic zone
Quartz
| Sericite
42
Primary Nickel Deposits are formed this way
Magmatic Segregations
43
Primary Ni is found in this mineral
Dunite and Chromite
44
Quickest and cheapest form of geophysics
Magnetic Survey
45
Used for detection of faults and intrusions
Gravity survey
46
Resistivity is ideal for
Base metal sulfides survey
47
Resistivity is controlled by what property of the rock
Rock porosity
| Salinity of pore waters
48
Diff of Prospecting and Explo wrt locale
Prosp - airborne
| Explo -Subsurface
49
Diff of Prosp and explo wrt to Physical samples
Prosp- Indirect
| Explo - Direct
50
What are Marginal Reserves
Nearly economic with demonstrated geologic data
51
Probable =
Possible =
Proven =
Indicated
Inferred
Measured
52
This is when prelim flow sheet for processing and estimated recovery is determined
Metallurgical testing
53
"Mathematical application of random function in delineating ore deposits"
Geostatistics
54
Used as "Fuel Oil" in ANFO
Diesel or Used oil
55
Purpose of Deck Loading
Reduces Explosive used and Vibration`
56
Indication of misfires
Undetonated explosives or detonating cord
57
First step in dealing with misfire
Make an exclusion zone for personnel
58
How to deal with misfire
Re prime then detonate
59
Who made Sequential Excavation Method
New Austrian Tunneling Method (dewatering and grouting and other support methods)
60
Purpose of Delay initiation sequences
To create progressive free faces ea detonation
to imrpoved fragmentation
Reduce vibration
61
Blasting w/c displaces overburden
Overburden Blast SideCasting
62
Drilling method in Tunnel blasting to break more rock to the free face
Wedge Cut, V-cut, fan cut
| Parallel Holes surrounded yempty holes
63
Drilling method in Sublevel Stoping
Longhole Drilling
64
2 types of Long Hole drilling
Parallel hole drilling
| Ring Hole drilling
65
Lightly loaded holes fired before primary blast
Pre-Splitting
66
Perimeter blasting fired after production blast
Cushion or Trim Blasting
67
Closely spaced uncharged holes for controlled blasting
Line Drilling
68
Controlled blasting technique fired concurrently with production blasting
Smooth blasting
69
2 other names for Smooth blasting
Contour blasting
| Perimeter blasting
70
Controlled blasting technique used to prevent flyrock by covering blast hole
Muffle blast
71
Purpose of in-hole delay blasting
improved fragmentation
72
Purpose of Signature-hole blast analysis
To find out the destructive interference of a geology when subjected to delay blasting
73
3 basic drill patterns
Square
Rectangular
Staggered
74
Exploration drilling which is faster than coring drills and provides chip samples
Center Sample Recovery (use of air to prevent contamination
75
What is a burn cut
Using parallel cut with very strong charge to burn rock
76
What is a fan cut
Number of v cuts arranged to create a trench oin free face
77
Initiating system w/c is insensitive to electrical hazards
NONEL
78
Explosive that does not create much fumes
Emulsion explosives
79
Pressured vessel device for charging ANFO
ANOL
80
Is Ammonia water soluble
Yup
81
Describe NO2
Toxic
Dense
Reddish-Brown
Water soluble
82
Describe NO
Colorless
| Toxic
83
Whys is Raise Boring useful
Does not need blasting, just drilling
84
Mechanical raise excavation
Alimak method
85
Use of Cable bolt
To secure large volumes of rock
86
Disadvantage of Cemen-Grouted Bolts
Long curing time
87
Advantage of Resin-grouted bolts
Short curing time
88
Mechanically anchored bolts works by
Wedging or expanding at bottom of hole to provide temprary support
89
Bolting for short term support
Friction type bolts
90
Difference of Robolt and Cabolt
Cabolt can do grouting
91
"Penetration rate of drill bit into rock"
Rock Drillability
92
Tensile strength of jointed rock
Zero
93
Drilling method for very hard rock
Percussion
| Thermal jet
94
Drilling method for soft rock
Hydraulic jet
Rotary drag bit
Rotary roller bit
95
High velocity, exothermic reaction accompanied by liberation of vast amounts of energy
Detonation
96
Agent, compound, or mixture that undergoes very rapid decompostion when initiated by heat, friction, impact, or shock
Explosive
97
Counterpart of "Detonation" but for low explosives
Deflagration
98
Point at which an explosive mixture has suff oxygen to completely oxidized all contained fuels
but no excess oxygen to react with nitrogen
Zero Oxygen Balance
99
Oxygen balance for ANFO
94. 5 % AN
| 5. 5% FO
100
Typical field mixture of ANFO
94%
| 6%
101
Causes release of toxic fumes
Fuel insufficiency
102
Strongest Non gelatin explosive
Nitroglycerin
103
Weakest non gelatin explosive
Low-density Ammonia dynamite
104
Strongest gelatin explosive
Blasting gelatin
105
Weakest gelatin explosive
Semigelatin
106
Give 2 high explosives
Nitroglycerin
| Dynamite
107
2 Blasting agents
ANFO
| Slurry
108
Give 4 common fuels
Fuel oil
Carbon
Aluminum
TNT
109
3 common oxidizers
AN
Sodium Nitrate
Calcium Carbonate
110
Replace ANFO for water resistance
Slurries like water gels and emulsions
111
Best water resistance
NG gelatin dynamites
112
Pressure exerted on borehole walls from products of detonation
Borehole (explosion) pressure
113
Give explosive its shattering action in breaking rock
Detonation pressure
114
What is a primer
In-hole detonator + explosive
115
Explosive contained in a detonating cord
PETN
116
What is a blasting cap
In hole detonator that directly detonates explosive
117
3 types of loading
1. Manual loading
2. Pneumatic loading
3. Bulk truck loading
118
Most common manual loading method
Explosive cartridges
| Tamping rod
119
Top and bottom priming, which is better
Bottom allows better transfer of energy
120
Diff of column and bottom charge
Column extends from bottom to 0.7-1 times the burden
121
Best kind of stemming
Coarse angular crushed rock
122
2 ways to control air blast
Avoid unconfined explosive
| Adequate stemming
123
Diff of Indicator and Pathfinder element
Indicator - element found in the body
| Pathfiner - assoc with body but widely dispersed
124
Indicator for Skarn deposits
Cu-Mo-Zn
125
Indicator for precious metal veins
Au-Ag
126
Indicator for Porphyry copper
Cu-Mo
127
Pathfinder for Skarn
Magnetite
| Boron
128
Pathfinder for Sulfides
Pyrite
129
Pathfinder for Gold veins
Quartz
130
Pathfinder for Platinum
Chromite
131
Raising and dropping of bit in hole
| Has hollow casing to contain sample
Churn Drilling
132
Wash Boring
Driving a hollow drill
| Taking it then washing it
133
Channel sampling is done by
Cutting channels along veins in predetermined distance
134
Positive Ore reserve entials
Ore Samplied on 4 sides of orebody
135
Probable Ore reserve
Ore sampled on 2-3 dies
136
Proved Ore Reserved
Continuity of Ore body is known completely
137
Prospective Ore
Continuity and Tonnage not known
138
3D model for Disseminated deposits
Block model
139
3D model for Bedded deposit
Gridded Model
140
3D model for Complex folded and faulted deposits
Cross-sectional model
