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Mining > Coal and Petroleum > Flashcards

Coal and Petroleum Flashcards

1
Q

Residue of non-combustible matter in coal

A

ash

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2
Q

Coal contains traces of this

A

iron and uranium

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3
Q

“Dehydrogenated plant fragments”

A

Macerals

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4
Q

Maceral maturity is estimated by

A

Vitrinite reflectance

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5
Q

Most common type of maceral? Made up of what?

A

Vitrinite maceral, cell wall material of plants

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6
Q

Maceral derived from waxy, spores, resins wc are resistant to weathering

A

Liptinite/exinite Macerals

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7
Q

Plant material strongly altered and degraded in the peat stage

A

inertinite Macerals

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8
Q

Land plants emerged during this time

A

Devonian period

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9
Q

Accumulation of coal occured during this

A

Carboniferous period

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10
Q

Fixed Carbon ____ while coal grade increases

A

Increases

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11
Q

Volatille matter ____ as coal rank increases

A

Decreases

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12
Q

Hydrogen ____ ascoal rank increases

A

Decreases

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13
Q

Oxygen content ____ as Coal rank increases

A

decreases

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14
Q

Lignite is used mostly for

A

Power generation

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15
Q

Sub-bituminous coal is used for this bc of its low S content

A

Power generation (also for Cement manufacture)

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16
Q

Bituminous coal is split into these two types

A

Metallurgical and thermal

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17
Q

Metallurgical bituminous coal is used for

A

Coke in Iron and steel manufacturings

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18
Q

Anthracite coal is used for

A

Domestic or Industrial smokeless fuel

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19
Q

Esimated Coal resource potential

A

2,370 MMT

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20
Q

Mineable reserve in the Phil.

A

200 MMT

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21
Q

2nd largest mineable reserves in the Phil

A

Samar-Leyte and South Mindoro

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22
Q

Anthracite coal heating value

A

nearly 15,000 Btu/lb

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23
Q

Bituminous coal heating value

A

10500-15500 Btu/lb

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24
Q

Sub-bituminous coal heating value

A

8300 to 13000 Btu/lb

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25
Q

Lignite heating value

A

4000 to 8300 Btu/lb

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26
Q

Carbon content of anthracite

A

86 to 98 %

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27
Q

Carbon content of Bituminous

A

45 - 86 %

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28
Q

Carbon content of Sub-bituminous

A

35 - 45%

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29
Q

Carbon content of Lignite

A

25-35%

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30
Q

Metallurgical coal also know as

A

Coking coal

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31
Q

Thermal coal also know as

A

Steam coal

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32
Q

used in manufacturing creosote oil, naphthalene, pheno, and benzene

A

Coal tar

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33
Q

Used in filters for water, air purification and in dialysis machines

A

Activated carbon

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34
Q

Top 5 coal producers

A

China, US, India, Australia, Indonesia

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35
Q

3 most important prospecting and exploration methods

A

Mapping, Drilling, Geophysical methods

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36
Q

2 commons types of drill used in coal explo

A

Rotary and diamond core

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37
Q

used to explore coal outcrops to get info on attitude and overburden nature

A

Dozer cutting

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38
Q

How are levels of cleaning differentiated w/ each other

A

The greater the ROM coal is crushed, the greater the liberation of impurities.

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39
Q

4 coal preparations steps in order

A

Characterization - Liberation - Separation - Disposition

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40
Q

Used to in Separation of ccoal and impurities

A

Gravity concentration, flotation for fine particles

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41
Q

Define Disposition

A

the handling and storage of coal products using slurries, dewatering, thermal dryer

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42
Q

Mine tailings dumps produce this

A

`AMD

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43
Q

These two blasting eqpt are always separated from each other

A

explosives and detonators

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44
Q

Profit Share of Coal operating contract

A

30/70, government/contractor

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45
Q

Taxes in Coal operating contract

A

exempted except for income tax

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46
Q

Coal exploration

A

2+2 years only

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47
Q

Coal development and production term

A

10-20 yrs + series of 3 yrs extension not exceeding 12 yrs

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48
Q

PD 1151 goal

A

EIA of all power and mining operators

49
Q

DAO No. 14 series of 1993 requires this for coal

A

Sulfur content < 1%

50
Q

OEA Cir. no. 89-08-09

A

To: All Holders of Coal Operating Contracts Under PD. No. 972, as amended (warns COC owners not to sub-contract areas for extraction)

51
Q

BED CIRCULAR NO. 82-12-12

A

warns COC owners to do exploration properly

52
Q

Amended Coal Development Act of 1976 or PD 972

A

PD 1174

53
Q

Cost Recovery fo rCOC owners

A

90% of gross income

54
Q

Bidding system for possible energy sources in Phil

A

Philippine Energy Contracting Round (PECR)

55
Q

Department Circular No. DC 2010-03-0005

A

“Providing Additional Guidelines for a Transparent and Competitive System of Awarding Service/Operating Contracts for Coal and Petroleum Prospective Areas”

56
Q

2nd largest source of coal in Phil

A

Surigao

57
Q

3 largest phil coal import source

A

Indonesia, China, Vietnam

58
Q

Largest coal powerplant in the Phil

A

Quezpn Power Phils.

59
Q

PD No. 1152

A

provides tax exemptions for foreign and tax credits for domestic pollution control technologies

60
Q

Term used for directly transporting mined coal to powerplant nearby

A

Mine-Mouth powerplant

61
Q

Flue Gas Desulfurizer works by

A

Smoke is cleaned by wet scrubbingg

62
Q

Philippine coal rank

A

Lignite to Bituminous, soft to dense

63
Q

Philippine coal is formed during

A

Miocene age 23-25M yrs aho

64
Q

Phil coal heating value

A

7000-12000

65
Q

Three most popular coal cleaning technology in Phil

A

Electrostatic Precipitator, Circulating Fluidized Bed, andFlue Gas Desulfurization

66
Q

Compressed block of coal dust

A

Briquette

67
Q

Renewable Energy Act of 2008

A

RA No. 9513

68
Q

Geothermal Service Contract Explo term

A

2 + 2

69
Q

Geothermal Service Contract term

A

25+25yrs only

70
Q

Ownership Foreign %

A

Up to 100% foreign

71
Q

Two Largest Geothermal Powerplant in the Phil

A

Tongonan, Lete and Mt. Makiling Laguna

72
Q

“Coal Mine Safety Rules and Regulations”

A

BED CIRCULAR NO.1, Series of 1978

73
Q

IRR of PD 972

A

BED Circular No. 81-11-10

74
Q

3 types of Coal mines

A

Drift, Slope, Shaft Coal mining

75
Q

Other name for Room and Pillar

A

Bord and Pillar

76
Q

3 Types of Coal Room and Pillar

A

Classic, Post, Step

77
Q

Coal Cutting machine w/ a rotating drum w/ cutting bits

A

Shearer

78
Q

2 Applicable conditions for Shearers

A

Hard coal and Irregular seam thickness

79
Q

Emplys static set of cutting bits and is towed by motors

A

Plow

80
Q

Shortwall mining panel length

A

< 400ft

81
Q

Air velocity limit in coal mines

A

2.5 m/sec

82
Q

Airtight duct in coal mining

A

Overcast

83
Q

Define regulator

A

valves metering the amount of aairentering a section

84
Q

Method to displace methane in coal strata

A

Water infusion

85
Q

Borehole to drain methane after stope is mined

A

Gob hole

86
Q

3 Dust control measure

A

Water spray, newer cutting bits, avoid cutting into wallrock

87
Q

Principal mineral in most coal seams

A

Clays

88
Q

How is Fixed Carbon created

A

removal of volatiles from organic by heat w/o combustion

89
Q

What is Shale Parting orSplit coal and how does it form

A

thin bands of mud and silt incoal layers from periodic overflowing of banks

90
Q

What are Wash-outs

A

the erosion of organic material and replacement with mud and sound

91
Q

Advantage of RC drilling over rotary drilling

A

same speed but better sample acquisition

92
Q

Recovery factor for surface Mines

A

85%

93
Q

Recovery factor for Longwall mines

A

70%

94
Q

Recovery factor for coal UG mining

A

50-80%

95
Q

Explain Gasification of coal

A

conversion of coal into gas by using air-steam mixtures into coal gasifiers

96
Q

Explain Liquiefaction

A

Conversion of coal into liquid fuels by liquefactiON

97
Q

difference of shovel and backhoe

A

orientation of bucket wrt to body

98
Q

What is Area Surface mining for coal

A

for coal w/ shallow overburden. coal is relatively plane

99
Q

Applicability of Contour Mining or Mountain Top Removal

A

for non-plane, rolling, or mountainous terrain

100
Q

Dominant mineral in arkoses

A

unweathered feldspars

101
Q

Dominant comp of greywackes

A

lithic fragments and a clay matrix

102
Q

Dominant comp of orthoquartzites

A

Detrital quartz

103
Q

What is a sedimentary basin

A

depression formed by tectonic processesm flanked by high areas that shed detritus into the depression

104
Q

3 geophysical reconnaissance method for petroleum

A

gravity, seismic, and magnetic

105
Q

3 Field geology methods

A

Road mapping,, Coastal mapping, aerial recon

106
Q

Drill to test the presence of petroleum reserve

A

Wildcat drilling

107
Q

Muddy or clayey type of carbonate rock

A

Marl

108
Q

Define Kerogen

A

organic matter intermediate to transformatino into petroleum hydrocarbon

109
Q

Process of heat and pressure transforming OM into oil and gas

A

Maturation

110
Q

What happens when Kerogen loses Hydrogen

A

Graphite

111
Q

Characterisitics of Reservoir rocks

A

coarse-grained, porous and permeable rock

112
Q

2 Rock types conducive for reservoir formatino

A

Sandstones and Carbonates

113
Q

Most common strcutural trap for oil

A

Anticline

114
Q

Petroleum desription

A

Made up of Carbon and Hydrogen or hydrocarbons

115
Q

Liquid hydrocarbon is called

A

Crude oil

116
Q

Solid hydrocarbon is called

A

tar and bitumen

117
Q

Tar sands field in the Philippines

A

Balite, Leyte

118
Q

Gas fields in the Philippines

A

Camago Gasfield Palawan, San Antonio Gas Field , Cagayan Valley

Mining (14 decks)

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