Day 2 Session 2

Question 1

What is the global burden of disease study 2010?

Answer 1

1) A systematic scientific effort to measure the
comparative magnitude of health loss due to major
diseases, injuries and risk factors by age, sex,
country for 1990 and 2010.
2) By the numbers: 291 diseases and injuries, 1,160
sequelae of these diseases and injuries, and 67 risk
factors or clusters of risk factors.
3) Key principles: a) comprehensive; b) informed
estimates better than no estimates; c) comparability
matters (across countries, time, diseases, injuries,
risk factors, age and sex)

Question 2

What does GBD stand for?

Answer 2

Global Burden of Disease

Question 3

What does years of life lost (YLLs) stand for?

Answer 3

due to premature mortality
from a death at age x is the number of deaths at age
x, multiplied by the standard life expectancy at age x.

Question 4

What does years lived with disability (YLDs) stand for?

Answer 4

for a cause in an
age-sex group equals the prevalence of any disabling
sequelae of that cause multiplied by the disability
weight for that condition (0,1), summed across all
conditions ( sequelae) due to that cause.

Question 5

What does DALYS stand for?

Answer 5

• Disability Adjusted Life Years
  Years of life lost due to premature mortality
  (YLLs) plus years lived with disability (YLDs).

Question 6

Who is the GBD 2010 team composed of (institutions & countires)?

Answer 6

• 302 institutions

- 50 countries

Question 7

What data is the main focus of the GBD?

Answer 7

CoD data (Cause of Disease)

Question 8

What are the 4 main leading cause of death in Thailand in 2005? And what percentage of the total deaths do they make up?

Answer 8

• Ill-defines causes (38.2%)
• Septicemia (5.8%)
• Other external causes (4.8%)
• Other cancers (4.0%)

= 52.8%

Question 9

What have the impact of policy been on correcting Thai Mortality Statistics?

Answer 9

• % increase in TRUE versus ROUTINE CoD:
• Stroke: 200% (x 3)
• IHD: 250% (x 3.5)
• HIV/AIDS: 400% (x 5)
• COPD: 350% (x 2.5)
• Road Traffic Acc: 100% (x 2)

Question 10

Do males or females have a lower life expectancy? (1990-2010)

Answer 10

Males

Question 11

From 1975 to 2010 what countries have shown the lowest levels of life expectancy gains?

Answer 11

Eastern Europe & Africa

Question 12

In 2010 what was the male adult mortality rate in Russia & most of Africa?

Answer 12

1 in 2 males dead before their 60th birthday

Question 13

What is the main shift in the cause of deaths in the last 20 years?

Answer 13

• Injuries: no progress
• Non-communicable disease - increase
• Comm/mater/neonatal/Nutr: decrease

Question 14

What was the top cause of death in the world between 1990-2010?

Answer 14

Heart Attacks

Question 15

What are the 5 overarching messages?

Answer 15

1) Demographic transition is shifting burden from
children to young adults.
2) Disease transition is leading to a larger fraction of
deaths from non-communicable diseases.
3) Disability transition is shifting the burden of
disease to conditions that cause disability but not
substantial mortality.
4) Risk transition is shifting the major risk factors from
those of poverty to lifestyle risks.
5) The leading health problems in sub-Saharan Africa
remain those related to the Millennium Development
Goals 4, 5 and 6.

Question 16

What % of DALYs does tobacco cause?

Answer 16

7%

Question 17

What are the key health challenges for Australia: Implications of the GBD 2010 findings?

Answer 17

• Obesity is as important as tobacco as a cause of disease
burden in Australia and its health effects are rising
rapidly (40% increase in DALYs since 1990; 21% decline
for tobacco), but tobacco still major cause of health loss
• Poor diet is a leading cause of disease burden,
particularly low consumption of fruits, nuts, seeds, and
vegetables, and excessive salt intake
• Blood pressure and cholesterol declining as cause of
disease burden, due to continued declines in vascular
disease (50% decline since 1990)
• Alcohol (up 9%) and drug use (up 20%) remain in top 10
causes of disease burden in Australia
• Rising importance of Alzheimer’s disease( up 50-60%)