Day 17

Question 1

What are the classifications of scoliosis according to the Scoliosis Research Society?

Answer 1

magnitude, location, direction, etiology, structural scoliosis and non- structural scoliosis

Question 2

What is often used to measure the magnitude of scoliosis?

Answer 2

the Cobb Method

Question 3

What does location of scoliosis infer?

Answer 3

the location on the vertebral segment forming the apex of the curve deviation

Question 4

What does direction of scoliosis refer to?

Answer 4

the side of convexity of the curve will bend toward

Question 5

What does etiology of scoliosis mean?

Answer 5

the cause of the scoliosis

Question 6

Based on age of onset, what are the types of idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 6

infantile, juvenile, and adolescent

Question 7

What is the age range for infantile idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 7

from birth to 3 years old

Question 8

What is the age range for juvenile idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 8

from 3 years old to 10 years old

Question 9

What is the age range for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

Answer 9

over 10 years old

Question 10

Identify the curve direction, location, gender bias and incidence of infertile idiopathic scoliosis.

Answer 10

left thoracic, male, less than 1% incidence

Question 11

Identify the curve direction, location, gender bias and incidence of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis.

Answer 11

right thoracic, females over 6 years old, 12%-21% incidence

Question 12

Identify the curve direction, location, gender bias and incidence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Answer 12

right thoracic or right thoracic and left lumbar, females, 80% incidence

Question 13

What is the relationship between curve deviation, incidence, and curve worsening?

Answer 13

the greater the deviation, the lower the indigence, and the more likely to worsen

Question 14

What is/are the characteristic(s) of cervicalization of occiput?

Answer 14

an increase in occipital bone size, formation of new or larger lines, on the occipital bone

Question 15

What is/are the characteristic(s) of occipitalizaiton of C1?

Answer 15

the atlas may be partially or completely fused to the occiput

Question 16

What is another way of implying occipitalization of C1?

Answer 16

atlas assimilation

Question 17

What is/ are the characteristic(s) of dorsalization of C7?

Answer 17

the addition of a rib and changes in superior articular facet orientation are typical

Question 18

What is the incidence of rib-related changes following dorsalization of C7?

Answer 18

from one-half to two and one-half percent of the population

Question 19

What is the gender bias suggested in dorsailization of C7

Answer 19

female

Question 20

What rib-related changes may accompany cervicalization of T1?

Answer 20

the first rib may decrease in mean relative length or become absent

Question 21

What T1 facet orientation changes may accompany cervicalization?

Answer 21

the superior articular facet may change from back, upward, and lateral (BUL) to back, upward, and medial (BUM); the inferior articular facet is unchanged

Question 22

What it the incidence of lumbar ribs in the population?

Answer 22

over 7% of the population demonstrates lumbar ribs

Question 23

What L1 facet orientation changes may accompany dorsailzation?

Answer 23

the superior articular facet may change from concave, back, upward and medial (BUM) to flat, back, upward, and lateral (BUL); the inferior articular facet is unchanged

Question 24

What is the gender bias associated with dorsailzation of L1?

Answer 24

males are two to three times more affected

Question 25

What T12 facet orientation changes may accompany lumbarization?

Answer 25

the inferior articular facet may change from flat, forward, medial, and downward (ForMeD) to convex, forward lateral, and downward (FoLD); the superior articular facet is unchanged