Day 11

Question 1

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of the first sacral segment?

Answer 1

five

Question 2

What joint classifications will be observed at the first sacral vertebral body?

Answer 2

cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis and fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

Question 3

What muscle(s) may attach to the first sacral vertebral body

Answer 3

psoas major

Question 4

What is the position of the sacral zygapophysis in children?

Answer 4

the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L5/S1

Question 5

What is the orientation of the first sacral superior articular facet?

Answer 5

backward, upward, medial (BUM); typically concave

Question 6

From the anterior view, the intervertebral discs of sacrum will be replaced by what feature?

Answer 6

transverse ridges

Question 7

What forms the median sacral crest?

Answer 7

fused spinous processes and their spinous tubercles

Question 8

What forms the intermediate sacral crest?

Answer 8

fused articular processes and their facets

Question 9

What features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest?

Answer 9

the mammillary process of S1 and the sacral cornu of S5

Question 10

What is the sacral hiatus?

Answer 10

the inferior opening of the sacral spinal canal

Question 11

An imaginary line drawn from the transverse process of S1 to the inferior lateral sacral angle will form what feature?

Answer 11

the lateral sacral crest

Question 12

What is the sacral tuberosity?

Answer 12

the enlarged transverse tubercle of S2

Question 13

What is the name of the joint formed by the sacral tuberosity?

Answer 13

the accessory sacra-iliac joint

Question 14

What feature is associated with the transverse tubercle of S5?

Answer 14

the inferior and lateral (inferolateral) sacral angle

Question 15

What feature is identified on the lateral surface of S1-S3?

Answer 15

auricular surface

Question 16

What is the sacral promontory?

Answer 16

the bulging anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rim of S1

Question 17

How many synovial joints are typically present at sacrum?

Answer 17

four

Question 18

What joint classifications are typically present at sacrum?

Answer 18

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, cartilagionous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis and synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

Question 19

What is the homolog for the superior articular process and facet at Co1?

Answer 19

coccygeal cornu

Question 20

What is the number of coccygeal somites?

Answer 20

ten

Question 21

What is the typical number of segments which unite to form the adult coccyx?

Answer 21

4 segments

Question 22

When is ossification of coccyx completed?

Answer 22

about age 30

Question 23

What is the direction of fusion of coccygeal segments?

Answer 23

from caudal to cranial, the last segments to fuse together are Co1 and Co2

Question 24

What is the direction of the coccygeal curve?

Answer 24

posterior (kyphotic)

Question 25

What is the major motion and range of motion for coccyx?

Answer 25

flexion - extension, 5-20 degrees

Question 26

How many coccygeal nerves are present in the fetus?

Answer 26

typically 5 pairs of coccygeal nerves are present

Question 27

What forms the coccygeal nerve plexus

Answer 27

S4, S5, and Co1 nerves

Question 28

What is the ganglion impair?

Answer 28

a midline sympathetic ganglion

Question 29

What is the coccygeal gloms or coccygeal body?

Answer 29

an enlarged encapsulated arteriovenous anastomosis located near the last segment of coccyx