Day 11 Flashcards
How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of the first sacral segment?
five
What joint classifications will be observed at the first sacral vertebral body?
cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis and fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
What muscle(s) may attach to the first sacral vertebral body
psoas major
What is the position of the sacral zygapophysis in children?
the zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L5/S1
What is the orientation of the first sacral superior articular facet?
backward, upward, medial (BUM); typically concave
From the anterior view, the intervertebral discs of sacrum will be replaced by what feature?
transverse ridges
What forms the median sacral crest?
fused spinous processes and their spinous tubercles
What forms the intermediate sacral crest?
fused articular processes and their facets
What features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest?
the mammillary process of S1 and the sacral cornu of S5
What is the sacral hiatus?
the inferior opening of the sacral spinal canal
An imaginary line drawn from the transverse process of S1 to the inferior lateral sacral angle will form what feature?
the lateral sacral crest
What is the sacral tuberosity?
the enlarged transverse tubercle of S2
What is the name of the joint formed by the sacral tuberosity?
the accessory sacra-iliac joint
What feature is associated with the transverse tubercle of S5?
the inferior and lateral (inferolateral) sacral angle
What feature is identified on the lateral surface of S1-S3?
auricular surface
What is the sacral promontory?
the bulging anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rim of S1
How many synovial joints are typically present at sacrum?
four
What joint classifications are typically present at sacrum?
fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, cartilagionous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis and synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
What is the homolog for the superior articular process and facet at Co1?
coccygeal cornu
What is the number of coccygeal somites?
ten
What is the typical number of segments which unite to form the adult coccyx?
4 segments
When is ossification of coccyx completed?
about age 30
What is the direction of fusion of coccygeal segments?
from caudal to cranial, the last segments to fuse together are Co1 and Co2
What is the direction of the coccygeal curve?
posterior (kyphotic)
What is the major motion and range of motion for coccyx?
flexion - extension, 5-20 degrees
How many coccygeal nerves are present in the fetus?
typically 5 pairs of coccygeal nerves are present
What forms the coccygeal nerve plexus
S4, S5, and Co1 nerves
What is the ganglion impair?
a midline sympathetic ganglion
What is the coccygeal gloms or coccygeal body?
an enlarged encapsulated arteriovenous anastomosis located near the last segment of coccyx
