Day 13

Question 1

What is the definition of spondylosis?

Answer 1

a vertebral condition

Question 2

What is the definition of spondylolysis

Answer 2

a vertebral separation of vertebral cleavage

Question 3

What is the definition of spondylolisthesis?

Answer 3

a vertebral slippage

Question 4

What are some of the causes of spondylolysis

Answer 4

congenital, acquired during development, the result of aging, or result of trauma

Question 5

Lumbar spondylolysis has not been reported in what groups of individuals?

Answer 5

fetuses, newborns, rarely in children under five years of old, patients who have never walked and in non-errect species

Question 6

What is the gender bias and locational bias associated with lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 6

men at L5/S1; women at L4/L5

Question 7

What is the age range typically associated with lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 7

10-20 years old

Question 8

What motion(s) is particularly associated with lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 8

hyperextension coupled with rotation

Question 9

What fills the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 9

fibrocartilagenous material

Question 10

What name has been given to the material filling the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 10

spondylolysis ligament

Question 11

What types of neural function(s) have been associated with the spondylolysis ligament?

Answer 11

nociception, neuromodulation and autonomic function

Question 12

What is the appearance of the lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?

Answer 12

a Scotty dog

Question 13

What is the appearance of a pars defect in a lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?

Answer 13

a collared Scotty dog

Question 14

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the neck of a Scotty dog?

Answer 14

the pars interarticularis below the superior articular process

Question 15

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the eye of a Scotty dog?

Answer 15

the pedicle

Question 16

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the ear of a Scotty dog?

Answer 16

the superior articular process

Question 17

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the nose of a Scotty dog?

Answer 17

the transverse process

Question 18

What characteristics are associated with cervical spondylolysis?

Answer 18

rare, congenital, gender biased toward men, most common at C6 and linked to spondyloisthesis and spina bifida

Question 19

What characteristics are associated with sacral spondylolysis?

Answer 19

rare in the general population, within typical percents in the native Alaskan (inuit) population, seems to be acquired, gender biased toward men, most common at S1 and linked to activities such as kayaking and harpooning

Question 20

What vertebral condition results in spondylolisthesis?

Answer 20

bilateral spondylolysis

Question 21

What is the direction of spondylolisthesis?

Answer 21

anterior or forward displacement

Question 22

What is the poster direction of vertebral slippage called?

Answer 22

retrospondylolistheisis or retrolisthesis

Question 23

Identify all names given to type I spondylolisthesis?

Answer 23

dysplastic spondylolisthesis, congenital spondylolisthesis

Question 24

What is the cause most frequently given for type II spondylolisthesis?

Answer 24

micro fractures as the result of repetitive stress during hyper flexion and rotation

Question 25

What gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimensions are associated with type II spondylolisthesis?

Answer 25

isthmic spondylolisthesis is common in men, located at the L5/S1 level and demonstrates an increase in sagittal diameter of the spinal cord

Question 26

What is the gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimension changes often associated with type III spondylolisthesis?

Answer 26

degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in women, particularly at L4/L5, an demonstrates no change in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal

Question 27

What causes type IV spondylolisthesis?

Answer 27

fracture of the neural arch components

Question 28

What are the cause(s) associated with type V spondylolisthesis?

Answer 28

bone diseases such as Paget disease or osteogenesis imperfecta