Day 16

Question 1

Why is the posterior curve also called the primary curve?

Answer 1

it is the first curve to appear embryologically

Question 2

What are the adult remnants of the primary curve along the vertebral column?

Answer 2

the thoracic or dorsal curve and the pelvic or sacrococcygeal curve

Question 3

What are the names given to curves which form during development to reverse the direction of regions along the vertebral column?

Answer 3

anterior curve, secondary curve, compensatory curve

Question 4

What are the names of the anterior curves, secondary curves, and compensatory curves?

Answer 4

cervical curve and lumbar curve

Question 5

What developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult cervical curve?

Answer 5

1. centers for vision and equilibrium will appear in the brain
2. musculature attaching the skull, cervical region, and upper thorax together develops
3. the head is held upright
4. the intervertebral disc height becomes greater anterior than posterior

Question 6

At what age will the infant begin to hold the head erect?

Answer 6

usually between the third and forth month after birth

Question 7

What is the name given to the intergration of visual and motor pathways associated with holding the head erect?

Answer 7

the righting reflex

Question 8

What is the location for the apex of the cervical curve?

Answer 8

typically between C4 and C5

Question 9

What is the location for the cervical kyphosis?

Answer 9

between occiput and C1

Question 10

What is the time of appearance of the lumbar curve?

Answer 10

between 12 and 18 months after birth

Question 11

What infant activities are associated with the developmental of the lumbar curve?

Answer 11

crawling and walking

Question 12

What developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult lumbar curve?

Answer 12

1. crawling will cause the abdomen to put tension on the lumbar region and pulls it forward
2. muscles development is promoted to compensate for the swayback of the lumbars
3. intervertebral disc height will become greater anterior compared to posterior
4. walking will further promote muscle and intervertebral disc development

Question 13

What is the vertebral relationship between the lumbar curve and the lumbar enlargement?

Answer 13

lumbar curve T12-L5; lumbar enlargement T9-T12

Question 14

What is the formation of the lateral curve often correlated with?

Answer 14

faster development of the muscles on the side of handedness

Question 15

What is the time of appearance of the lateral curve?

Answer 15

they appear after 6 years old

Question 16

What names are given to the conditions associated with abnormal curves of the vertebral column?

Answer 16

lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis

Question 17

What is the definition of lordosis?

Answer 17

a forward bending condition

Question 18

What is the definition of kyphosis?

Answer 18

a humpback or hunchback condition

Question 19

What is the definition of scoliosis?

Answer 19

a warped or crooked condition

Question 20

What does the use of the term lordotic try to imply?

Answer 20

a normal cervical and normal lumbar anterior curve

Question 21

What does the use of the term kyphotic try to imply?

Answer 21

A normal thoracic or dorsal and normal pelvic or sacrococcygeal posterior curve

Question 22

What prefixes are used to convey abnormality in curve patterns?

Answer 22

hyper and hypo

Question 23

What are the curve classifications for military neck?

Answer 23

a kyphosis or hypolordotic curve

Question 24

What are the curve classifications for humpback or hunchback?

Answer 24

a kyphosis or hyperkyphotic curve

Question 25

What are the curve classifications for swayback?

Answer 25

a lordosis or hyperlordotic curve