Day 1- Principles of Certification, Eq Passport/Certification and SA vaccines Flashcards
What causes a breach or issues of certification?
Serious departure from profesisonal standards as set out in the RCVS guide to professional conduct
Causing serious harm to the animal or public, particularly when there is a breach of trust
Offenses of sexual nature
Offenses involving violence/loss of human life
Evidence of harmful deep-seated personality or attitude problem
Dishonesty, particularly where persistent of concealed
How many principles of certification do the RCVS set out?
10- ten
What is principle 1 of certification?
A veterinarian should certify only those matters which:
a) are within his or her knowledge
b) can be ascertained by him or her personally
c) are the subject of supporting evidence from an authorised veterinarian who has personal knowledge of the matters in question or
d) are the subject of checks carried out by a registered, trained and competent Certification Support Officer CSO
What is principle 2 of certification?
Veterinarians should not issue a certificate that might raise questions of possible conflict of intrest
What is certification principle 3?
A veterinarian should only sign certificates that are written in a language they understand
What is certification principle 4?
A veterinarian should not certify that there has been compliance with the law of another country or jurisdiction unless the provisions of that law are set out clearly on the certificate or have been provided to them by the competent authority in writing
What is certification principle 5?
A veternarian should only sign original certificates. Where there is a legal or official requirment for a certified copy or duplicate- marked as such
What is certification principle 6?
When signing a certificate a vet should ensure that:
The certificate contains no deletions or alterations, other than those which are indicated on the certificate to be permissible, and subject to such changes being initialled and stamped by certifying vet
No section is left incomplete
The certificate includes not only their signature but also in clear lettering, their name, qualifications and adress and their official or practice stamps
The certificate includes the date of issue and time for certificate being valid
What is certification principle 7?
Certificates should be written in simple terms which are easy to understand
What is principle 8 of certification?
Certificates should be:
Clear and concise
Integrated, whole and indivisible
Given a unique identifier and
Copied and retained with all relevant records
What is principle 9 of certification?
Certificates should not use words or phrases which are capable of more than one interpretation
What is principle 10 of certification?
Certificates should clearly identify the subject being certified
Where is certification certificates relevant day to day?
Vaccination record cards
EMS certification
Casualty slaughter certificate
What diseases are there currently vaccines available for in horses?
Equine influenza
Tetanus
Herpes
Strangles
Rotavirus
West nile virus
Equine viral ateritis
What are the most commonly prescribed equine vaccines?
Influenza and tetanus- available as combo
Herpes for breeding and stud work
Why is influenza vaccinated against in horses?
What do the OIE reccomend with influenza vaccination?
What brands of flu vaccine are available and which complies with OIE?
Highly contagious with high morbidity, low mortality
Main reason is the economic impact
Some competitions require vaccination
OIE- vaccinations should contain both Clade 1/2 of florida sub-lineage
Equilis prequenza, Equip F, Proteq-flu
Protec- flu coveres Clade 1/2- OIE
Why is tetanus vaccinated for in horses?
What are the clinical signs of a tetanus infection?
When can horses be vaccinated from- what is the primary course?
When are boosters necessary?
When might extra boosters be given?
How can tetanus be treated?
Highly susceptible, high mortality, expensive treatment
Prolapse of nicitating membrane, rigid, staring, profusely sweating, lock jaw (hypersalivation)
Vaccinated from 6mo- 2 vaccines 4-6 weeks apart- booster 12-17 months- booster every 2 years
Pregnant mares given booster 4-6 weeks pre-partum to give foals passive immunity
Tetanus antitoxin- premade, provides immediate cover for wounds, foot abscess, new born foals- expensive, short term
What primary course of proteq-flu is recomended?
What is the jockey club and FEI rules for flu vaccinations?
How can both be complied with?
First 5-6 mo, second 4-6 weeks later, 5 months later
Jockey club- Two vaccines plus 6 days before competition
FEI-
Primary- 1st another 21-92 days later, 3rd 150-215 day after second (5 months is 150 days)
Flu booster every 6 months
Compliance- 1st, 2nd 4-6 weeks later, third 150 days after
What section is vaccines in equine passports?
Can you backdate if the horse is one day late?
What should you do if you make a mistake?
V
NOOOO
Strike out whole entry with a single line, fill in next line, countersign and date
Who can complete equine passports and microchip?
When must a horse have its passport with it?
When are passports needed from?
PIO person and vets
Only vets can microchip- all horses must be
All the time- unless: emergency, stabled/pasture, moved on foot, participating in a competition
Passport needs to be issuaed within 6 months or by 31st December of the year of birth
Foals under 6 months old do not need a passport if being sold alongside the dam
No minimum age
Describe how to fill out a equine passport
- Check passport guidlines, use standard phrases, whetherby’s id document standard
- Description in black print
- Whorls marked as an X
- White outline in red and hatched
- Foot colour marked
- Flesh marks solid red
- Acquired marks black arrow
- Prophet trump mark is black triangle
- Body colour marks are not described unless required
- Microchips M in circle
- Must sketch, sign, date and stamp
What colour are the following horses?
Top- cremello or cream- all pale/white
Bottom- bay- brown body, black mane and tail
What needs to be done before a horse can be given non-food producing drugs?
Emergency?
Horse needs to be signed out of human consumption, record all medicines- batch numbers, dosage and withdrawal
Emergency- emergency treatment form needed
What needs to be done with a passport following sale or death?
Buyer must notify the transaction to passport organisation within 30 days
When horse dies the keeper must return the passport within 30 days- can be returned
Describe the process of microchiping
- Scan to check for one present
- Scan new microchip to check functioning
- Identify nuchal ligament in middle of the third left crest on left side
- Clip and clean with chlorohexidine
- Insert 2-3mls of local- lidocaine
- Scrub with chlorohexidine
- Insert microchips, apply digital pressure afterwards
- Scan to confirm- fill out form
Why should pet owners vaccinate?
Responsible pet ownership
Maintains healthy pet population
Reduces death, incidence of zoonosis
What are MDAs? What role do they play in vaccination?
MDAs- Maternally derrived antibodies
Passive transfer of maternal immunological antibodies to neonate, which means they cannot respond effectively to vaccinatino until they have weaned off
What vaccinations do the WSAVA and BSAVA reccomend for canines (core)?
CORE- WSAVA- Distemper, Hepatitis, Parvovirus
BSAVA- additionally Leptospirosis as well
What agent is responsbile for canine distemper?
How is it transmitted, what is the natural reservoir?
What are the clinical signs and trreatment options?
What kind of vaccine is used?
Mobillivirus
Inhalation- foxes natural reservoir
Clinical signs- respiratory, alimentary, oculo-nasal infection, neurological post 4 weeks, hyperkeratosis of nose and foot pads after 3 months
Only supportive available
Vaccination live attenuated
What virus causes canine hepatitis?
What is the route of infection?
What is the clinical sign and treatment?
What kind of vaccine is used?
Canine adeno-virus 1
ROI- saliva, faeces, urine- in dogs older then 6mo
Clinical signs- blue eyes Supportive treatment
Live attenuated virus
What virus is responsible for parvovirus?
What is the ROI and incubation?
What cells are used for replication?
What are the clinical signs and diagnosis?
How is it treated?
What kind of vaccine is used?
Canine parvovirus-2
ROI- Faeco-oral Incubation 4-7 days
Replication in rapidly dividing cells- intestinal crypt necrosis, villus atrophy, bone marrow, lymph depletion
Clinical signs- lethargy, vomiting, diarrhoea
Diagnosis- clinical signs, SNAP test
Treated- intense medical support, isolation
Live attenuated vaccine
What type of vaccine is used for all core vacccines?
Live attenuated
What kind of bacteria species causes leptospirosis?
What is the ROI?
What are the clinical signs, how is it diagnosed?
How is it treated?
What kind of vaccine is it?
Spirochate leptospirosa
Secreted in rodents urine and ingested
Vary from subacute (renal/hepatic damage) to acute (jaundice, haemorrhagic syndrome, uraemia, chronic active hepatitis)
Diagnosis- Clinical signs, culture
Treatment- Supportive and IV penicillin
Live attenuated
What disease is parainfluenza involved with?
What kind of vaccine is available?
What age is it licensed from?
Key component of kennel cough
Live attenuated
Licensed from 8 weeks
How many bacteria are linked to kennel cough?
What are the clinical signs?
What treatment is needed?
What is in the vaccine?
How long before immunity?
9 bacteria
Sudden onset of honking goose cough, URT signs, tracheitis
Treatment- usually self resolving- anti-tussives
Vaccine- live containing 2 components- canine parainfluenza and bordatella bronchiseptica
3 weeks before immunity- 72 for bordatella
What other 2 vaccines can be given to canines and why?
Herpes- only licensed in pregnant bitches
Rabies- travelling
Describe the core and non-core vaccine schedule
Core- 1st distemper, hepatitis and parvo at 6-8 weeks
2nd- 2-4 weeks later- over 10 weeks
Primary booster at 1 then every 3 years
Non core-
Lepto and parainfluenza at 8 weeks, 2-4 weeks later then anually
Intranasal KC at 8 weeks then anually
What are the core and non-core feline vaccinations?
Core-
- Feline panleukopenia virus
- feline herpes virus
- feline calcivirus
Non-core
- Feline leukaemia virus
- Rabies
What two disease cause cat flu?
How can cats be long-life carriers of FHV?
What are the clinical signs and diagnosis?
How is it treated
Feline herpes virus and calicivirus
ROI- nasal, oral or conjunctival
FHV- can have latency in CN V- carriers
Clinical signs-
Calici- chronic gingivitis, lingual ulceration, polyarthritis
Herpes- corneal ulceration, chemosis, punctate keratitis
General- rhinitis, nasal discharge
Diagnosis- clinical signs, PCR
Treatment- supportive, antivirals
What virus casues feline panleukopeania virus?
What are the clinical signs?
What vaccines are available?
When is vaccination contraindicated?
Feline parvovirus- affects rapidly dividing cells (intestinal epithelium, bone marrow, foetus)
Clinical signs- diarrhoea, vomiting, panleukopenia, cerebellar hypoplasia
Live attentuated or killed vaccines- booster every 3 years
Not for pregnant or lactating queens
What kind of virus causes feline leukaemia virus and how is it transmitted?
What age is most commonly diagnosed?
What are the clinical signs?
How is it diagnosed and treated?
What kind of vaccine is used and how often is it boostered?
Retrovirus- saliva
Young cats
Diagnosis- SNAP test from blood
Treatment- supportive treatment for recurrent infections
Recombinant or killed vaccine- booster every three years
Describe a feline vaccination schedule?
9 weeks old- tricat with or without FeLV
12 weeks old- ditto
1 yo- primary booster- ditto
2 yo- Ducat
3 yo- Ducat
4 yo- Tricat with or without FeLV
What are the restart protocols for dogs and cats?
Dogs- viral dog vaccines require a single dose of vaccine restart (DHPPi), leptospirosis DOI wanes rappidly after 1 year so full restart is advisable
Cats-
If adult without primary and booster- start again
If adult with correct primary and first booster and last tricat over 3 years- tricat, if under 3y- ducat
If under 18mo- kitten, restart as normal, if 1 year booster delayed- tricat/Felv and ducat/Felv 3 weeks later
What is feline injection site sarcoma?
How can it be detected and avoided?
Pathogenesis not known but a fibrosarcoma forms at the site of injection
3, 2, 1 rule- 3 months any mass at site after 3 months old, 2cm- any mass being more then 2cm, 1 month- any mass increasing in size 1 month after vaccination
Prevention- only vaccinate when necessary, allow vaccines to room temp, vaccinate in distal limbs
What are the requirments for pet travel to the EU?
Requirments for AHC
Microchipped
Up to date rabies vaccine
Supporting doccumentation
Tapeworm treatment
Must travel within 10 days of date of issue, lasts for 4 months of travel, 90 minutes to complete
How is rabies transmitted?
What are the clinical signs?
What kind of vaccine can be given?
Transmitted by saliva- travels to CNS
Clinical signs- behavioural changes, hypersalivation, aggression/hyperexitation
Killed inactivated virus from 12 weeks old- immunity after 21 days
Booster every 3 years
