Day 1 Flashcards
What species is described?
“Found in pairs, tetrads, short chains, and irregular clusters ; can be beta or gamma hemolytic; most are facultative anaerobes; non motile and non spore forming; can produce toxins and enzymes; natural habitat of the skin and mucous membranes.”
Staphylococcus spp.
Beta hemolytic, catalase positive and coag positive
S.aureus
gamma hemolytic
catalase positive
coag negative
novobiocin susceptible
S. epidermis
gamma hemolytic
Catalase pos
Coag negative
Novobiocin resistant
S.sapro
What organism is the most common cause of staphylococcal infections?
S.aureus
What diseases does S. aureus cause? (6)
Sinusitis Skin infections Toxic shock Food poisoning Nosocomial infections Septicemia
What diseases does S.epidermis cause?
UTI’s
Post surgical infections
Endocarditis
Infections of indwelling devices and prosthetics
What diseases does S.saprophyticus cause?
Opportunistic UTI’s
Wound infections
Septicemia
Non-gonoccocal Urethritis and Prostatitis in males
What organism is of major concern in nosocomial infections due to antimicrobial resistance?
S.aureus(MRSA)
What organism is the Most common cause of infections in individuals with indwelling devices and prosthetics?
S.epi
What organism the suggested agent of non-gonoccocal urethritis and prostatitis in males?
S.saprophyticus
What does the catalase test differentiate between in regards to GPC?
Staph spp. and Strep spp.
What does the coagulase test differentiate between in regards of GPC?
S.aureus and other Staph spp.
What does the Novobiocin susceptibility test differentiate between in regards to GPC?
S.saprophyticus and S.epidermis(other coag neg staph)
What antibiotic are the discs impregnated with to differentiate between S.saprophyticus and othe coag neg staph?
5 micrograms Novobiocin
What spp. is described :
-found in chains or clusters
-Can be beta or gamma
Facultative anaerobes
-Can be grouped antigenically according to Lancefield grouping
-Normal flora of the alimentary, respiratory and genital tracts
-Natural habitat of the skin and mucus membranes
Streptococcus spp.
What disease can result if pharyngitis caused by BSGA is not treated?
Rheumatic Fever and Glomerunephritis
Beta hemolytic
Catalase neg
Taxo A sensitive
Streptococcus pyogenes(BSGA)
Beta hemolytic
Catalase negative
Taxo A resistant
Causative agent of maternal and neonatal sepsis
S.agalactiae
What streptococcus toxin is oxygen STABLE, non-immunogenic, and is a cell bound hemolysin?
Streptolysin S
What streptococcus toxin is oxygen Labile?
Streptolysin O
What organism is know to produce Streptolysin O?
S.pneumoniae and Clostridium spp.
Catalase neg
Alpha hemolytic
Taxo P resistant
Causes opportunistic infections and is normal flora of the upper respiratory tract
Alpha streptococci
Catalase neg Alpha hemolytic Taxo P sensitive Bile soluble Autolysing Resembles water droplets
S.pneumoniae
Catalase neg Gamma or alpha Taxo P resistant Bile esculin negative Normal flora of the oral cavity, GI tract and female vaginal tract
Viridans Streptococci
Catalase negative
Gamma hemolytic
Bile esculin positive
Enterococcus spp
What organism is of major concern in nosocomial infections due to its antimicrobial resistance ?
Enterococcus spp. (VRE)
What gives S.pneumoniae its virulence and how does this feauture protect the organism ?
Polysaccharide capsule that resists phagocytosis
What is another name for Streptococcus agalactiae?
BSGB
Catalase neg Beta hemolytic Taxo A resistant Sodium hippurate positive CAMP test positive
BSGB
S.agalactiae
Catalase negative Beta hemolytic Taxo A resistant Sodium hippurate negative CAMP test negative
Streptococcus not Group A or B
What causes: Pharyngitis Meningitis Endocarditis Septic Arthritis Infections of the respiratory tract
Beta Streptococcus groups C and G
What is autolysing?
Cell begins dying
Looks like bullseye colony or coin with raised ridges
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What species is formerly known as Streptococcus faecalis or Group D Streptococcus?
Enterococcus faecalis
What species is described below?
- Normal flora in gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals
- Opportunistic outside the intestinal tract
- Etiological agents of UTI’s
- Wound infections
- Intra-abdominal abscesses
- Nosocomial infections
Enterococcus spp.
