Datagrams Exam 2 1 Flashcards
Among older adults in the community, _% rely on formal care, __% use a
combination of informal care and paid assistance, while nearly __% receive
care solely from family, friends, and neighbors.
9
21
70
The primary forms of care provided by families are: (1) emotional support, (2)
instrumental activities inside and outside the home, (3) personal care and (4)
contacting and monitoring services.
internalize
The number of family caregivers is estimated at 34 million. On average they
provide care for __ hours per week and for more than _ years
25
4
The average family caregiver is age __, female, married, and working outside the home
47.
Informal care giving saves the American health care system substantial dollars;
the value of such care is estimated at nearly $350 billion or nearly $7,000 per patient annually.
internalize
Caregivers are primarily adult children (41%), followed by partners or spouses (38.4%) and other family members or friends (20.4%)
internalize
Women form over 75% of family caregivers, and 50% of all women provide elder care at some point in the life course.
internalize
Among all types of caregivers, 36% are wives, 29% are daughters, 20% are other females (nieces, daughter-in-laws, and granddaughters), and the remainder are males
internalize
Women caregivers report higher levels of depression, anxiety, psychiatric
symptomology, and lower life satisfaction than their male counterparts.
.
Over 22% of those who care for older adults are themselves age 65 or older
.
Spouses who are primary caretakers perform 80% of all care tasks, spending
40 to 60 hours per week on personal care and household chores
.
Many caregivers are described as the “sandwich generation” because they
provide care to both their own children and their parents.
.
The average woman today can expect to spend more years caring for older family members (18 years) compared to 17 years for her children
.
Almost 70% of adults with Alzheimer’s disease are cared for at home by family
for the entire duration of the disease.
.
Almost 66% of cases of elder abuse are committed by family members.
.
Increased supportive service availability does not in itself enhance the
caregiver or care recipient’s well-being. Most family caregivers do not use
these services.
.
Women and ethnic minority caregivers are the least likely to use formal
supportive services
.
Turnover rate among direct care workers (e.g., nurse’s aides, personal
assistants, homecare workers, etc.) is high, with 90% replaced annually.
.
The “Family and Medical Leave Act” of 1993 offers a job protection for workers
who take short-term leaves to care for a parent
.
When eligibility criteria are applied, only about 40% of private sector
employees are eligible for leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act.
.
In pre-industrial societies, most people died at home, with the entire
community often involved in rituals surrounding the death. Now,
approximately 80% of all deaths occur in institutions where aggressive
treatment is common, generally in hospitals and nursing homes, and with only
a few relatives and friends present.
.
By accepting death’s inevitability, dying persons can live meaningfully and
productively and come to terms with who they really are
.
The traditional problem-oriented model of health care that emphasizes lifeenhancing
therapies falls short in giving end-of-life care.
.
Medical experts agree that at least 90% of all serious pain can be effectively
treated, yet at least 25% of dying patients receive inadequate pain medication
.
The “Dying Person’s Bill of Rights” states that individuals have the right to
personal dignity and privacy; informed participation, including to have their
end-of-life choices respected by health care professionals; considerate,
respectful service; and competent care.
.
Palliative care focuses on the relief of pain and other physical symptoms by
addressing the patient’s emotional, social, and spiritual needs
.
Hospice care is dedicated to helping individuals who are beyond medicine’s
curative powers
.
Hospice care is dedicated to helping individuals who are beyond medicine’s
curative powers
.
Over 80% of Americans believe that terminally ill patients should be able to
make decisions about whether to be kept alive through medical interventions.
.
Central to the debates on the right-to-die is the doctrine of informed consent,
which establishes a competent patient’s right to accept or refuse medical
treatment based on his or her understanding of the benefits and harms of that
treatment.
..
Oregon and Washington are the only states that have legalized physicianassisted
suicide
.
Those who argue against legalization of assisted suicide feel that a “right-todie”
could become a “duty-to-die.
.
The most common type of an advanced directive is a living will.
.
Among women age 65 and over, up to 70% are widowed
.
The average duration of widowhood for women is 15 years compared with 6
years for men
.
Older widowed men are 7 times more likely than older widows to remarry.
.
• The greatest problem faced by widows and widowers is loneliness.
.
Older widows are generally worse off than widowers in terms of finances,
years of education, legal problems, and prospects for remarriage.
.
Widows who do not have their own friends or who only had couple-based
friendships before the husband’s death generally have difficulty forming new
friendships and developing satisfying roles
.
Men, as compared to women, experience more medical problems and are at
greater risk of dying during the 6 months following their spouse’s death.
.
