Data Collection

Question 1

Survey

Answer 1

Method used for observing data that cannot easily be observed. Sample of the population.

Question 2

Cross-Sectional Survey

Answer 2

At a single point in time

Question 3

Longitudinal Survey

Answer 3

Over a period of time

Question 4

Written Survey

Answer 4

Good for broad audience, less than 20% response rate.

Question 5

Group Survey

Answer 5

Specific target population, small sample size, quick response rate.

Question 6

Drop-Off Survey

Answer 6

Smaller sample size, lower response rate, expensive.

Question 7

Oral Survey

Answer 7

1) Phone - good for yes/no questions and follow up. 2) In-person.

Question 8

Online Survey

Answer 8

Inexpensive, quick response time.

Question 9

Sample

Answer 9

Part of a population.

Question 10

Probability Sample

Answer 10

Used for direct correlation between a sample and the larger population - can draw direct conclusions from this type.

Question 11

Random

Answer 11

(Probability) Everyone has equal chance of being selected for survey.

Question 12

Stratified

Answer 12

(Probability) Population is divided and then sampled.

Question 13

Cluster

Answer 13

(Probability) Specific target group sampled from.

Question 14

Non-Probability

Answer 14

No precise connection between sample and population

Question 15

Volunteer

Answer 15

(Non-Probability) Self-selected respondents

Question 16

Convenience

Answer 16

(Non-Probability) Individuals readily available

Question 17

Snowball

Answer 17

(Non-Probability) Interviewee suggests others to be other potential respondents

Question 18

VGI

Answer 18

(Non-Probability) Respondents enter information on web map

Question 19

Nominal Data

Answer 19

Categories. Mutually exclusive groups (have no bearing on each other)

Question 20

Ordinal Data

Answer 20

Ranked. Order matters but not the difference between the values (scales)

Question 21

Interval Data

Answer 21

Continuous. Order matters and so does the difference between the vaules (temperature)

Question 22

Ratio

Answer 22

Absolute and relative differences have meaning (distance)

Question 23

Variables: continuous v. discrete

Answer 23

Continuous: infinite (can be + or -)
Discrete: finite (+ or binary)

Question 24

Population

Answer 24

Totality of some entity

Question 25

Sample

Answer 25

Subset of population

Question 26

Descriptive satistics

Answer 26

Applying mean, median, range, mode to describe a population

Question 27

Inferential statistics

Answer 27

Using probability to determine characteristics

Question 28

Distribution

Answer 28

Shape of the data

Question 29

Gaussian Distribution

Answer 29

Bell curve - 95% of data is within 2 standard deviations of the mean

Question 30

Systemic Distribution

Answer 30

Equal number above and below the mean

Question 31

Skewed Distribution

Answer 31

More below or above the mean

Question 32

Central Tendency

Answer 32

Representative value for distribution (mean, median, mode)

Question 33

Z-Score

Answer 33

Standard deviation units.

Question 34

Inter-Quartile Range

Answer 34

Value between the 25th percentile and 75th

Question 35

T-Test

Answer 35

Difference between the means of two data sets.

Question 36

ANOVA

Answer 36

Analysis of variance - testing equality by classifying groups

Question 37

Chi Square Test

Answer 37

Goodness of fit. Tests sample and hypothesized distribution - determine if one variable is related to another

Question 38

Bivariate

Answer 38

Correlation is not causation - linear relationship

Question 39

Population Estimate: Linear

Answer 39

Change in population over time

Question 40

Population Estimate: Exponential & Modified Exponential

Answer 40

Percentage change extrapolated into the future - curved line

Question 41

Population Estimate: Symptomatic

Answer 41

Uses data indirectly related to population (i.e. drivers licenses, housing)

Question 42

Population Estimate: Step-Down Ratio

Answer 42

Uses population at known point in time as compared to larger city/county

Question 43

Population Estimate: Distributed Housing Unit

Answer 43

Uses housing units multiplied by occupancy rate

Question 44

Population Estimate: Cohort Survival

Answer 44

Current population plus natural increases (birth/migration)

Question 45

Economic Base

Answer 45

Basic + non-basic activities Basic = exported Non-basic = local

Question 46

Location Quotient

Answer 46

Industry's share of local employment divided by share of the nation (>1 means exporting economy)

Question 47

Shift Share

Answer 47

``` Employment growth by sector. National (share) Industry (mix) Regional Competitiveness (shift) - = lagging sector; + = leading sector ```

Question 48

Input-Output

Answer 48

Based on suppliers & purchasers

Question 49

Gompertz Curve

Answer 49

Growth is slowest at the beginning and end.

Question 50

Satisfice

Answer 50

Making a decision when all of the information is not available.