Dale's Cone of Experience Flashcards
What is this type of learning called, “learning by doing?”
Experiential learning / action learning
He introduced the Cone of Experience to illustrate the development of experiences, ranging from the very real to the extremely abstract.
Edgar Dale (1946)
It aims to inform students that recall is influenced by how they encounter the material. According to Dale, lessons should draw on more real-life experiences to enhance learning. It charts the average retention rate for various teaching methods, with higher learning and increased knowledge retention as you move down.
Cone of Experience
It serves as a tool for teachers to make informed choices regarding resources and activities.
Cone of Experience
Strategies of action-learning result in the retention of up to ____ percent.
90%
- Individuals learn better by using ____ types of learning.
- Perceptual types of learning are based on ____.
visual; feelings
Edgar Dale‘s Cone of Experience gives the following interpretation:
- Lower levels of the Cone involve the student as a ____ and encourage ____ learning.
- ____ are remembered better than verbal propositions.
- The upper levels of the Cone need more instructional support than lower levels.
- ____ increases as we go up the Cone, and ____ increases as we go down the Cone.
- Higher levels ____ information and provide data ____ for those who can process it.
Edgar Dale‘s Cone of Experience gives the following interpretation:
- Lower levels of the Cone involve the student as a participant and encourage active learning.
- Pictures are remembered better than verbal propositions.
- The upper levels of the Cone need more instructional support than lower levels.
- Abstractness increases as we go up the Cone, and conscreteness increases as we go down the Cone.
- Higher levels compress information and provide data faster for those who can process it.
What are the bands of experience in Dale’s Cone of Experience?
- Direct Purposeful Experience
- Contrived Experiences
- Dramatized Experiences
- Demonstrations
- Study Trips
- Exhibits
- Television and motion pictures
- Still, pictures, recordings, radio
- Visual symbols
Experiences with maximum concreteness and minimal abstractness, gained through direct involvement, are purposeful for skill development. In teaching, real-life interactions, like handling actual objects and performing practical tasks, enable students to acquire essential skills. Examples include preparing meals, creating presentations, delivering speeches, conducting experiments, or building furniture.
Direct Purposeful Experience
When direct observation is challenging, artificial stimuli, such as working models or specific laboratory experiments, serve as practical alternatives. Working models, including models, mock-ups, and experiments, allow for the deletion of unnecessary details, simplifying the learning process. For instance, the North American Aviation Co. used a mock-up of the Apollo spacecraft to research lunar flight challenges.
Contrived Experiences
What are examples of Contrived Experiences?
- Model
- Mockup
- Specimen
- Object
- Simulation
A replication in a small scale or a large scale or exact size of a real item- but made of synthetic materials.
It is a substitute for a real item that may or may not be operational.
Model
It is an arrangement of a real device or associated devices displayed in such a way that representation of reality is created.
A unique model where the parts of a model are singled out, heightened and magnified to focus on that part or process under study.
Mockup
Example: Planetarium
An individual animal, plant, piece of a mineral, etc. It is used as an example of its species or type for scientific study or display.
An example is a product or piece of work, regarded as typical of its class or group—a sample for medical testing, especially of urine.
Specimen
May also include artifacts displayed in a museum or objective displayed in exhibits or preserved insect specimens in science.
Object
A representation of a real manageable event in which the learner is an active participant engage in learning behavior or in applying previously acquired skills or knowledge.
Simulation
Active participation and role-playing in dramatic activities provide experiential learning. These activities, incorporating visual representation and role-playing, effectively depict historical or present events. Beneficial for subjects like history, political science, language, and literature, dramatization allows students to engage more directly compared to passive observation. Various forms of plays, including full-length plays, puppet shows, pageants, mime, tableau, dialogs, spot-spontaneous acting, and mock conventions, can be utilized. For instance, reliving the Philippine revolution by assuming character roles in a play enhances understanding.
Dramatized Experiences
What are examples of Dramatized Experiences?
- Plays
- Pageants
- Pantomime
- Tableau
- Role-playing
- Puppets
What are the types of Puppets?
- Shadow puppets
- Rod puppets
- Glove and finger puppets
- Marionettes
Depict life, character, culture, or a combination of the three. They offer excellent opportunities to portray vividly essential ideas about life.
Plays
They are usually community dramas that are based on local history. An example is a historical pageant that traces the growth of a school.
Pageants
It is a “method of conveying a story by bodily gestures.” Pantomime’s impact on the audience rely on the actors’ movements.
Pantomime
It is a picture-like scene composed of people against a background. It is an arrangement of people who do not move or speak, especially on a stage, who represents a view of life, an event, etc.
Tableau
It is an unrehearsed, unprepared, and spontaneous dramatization of a situation where their roles absorb assigned participants. You pretend to be someone else or pretend to be in a particular position you are not really in at the moment.
Role-playing
It is an inanimate object or representational figure animated or manipulated by an entertainer, who is called a puppeteer. They can present ideas with extreme simplicity.
Puppets
Flat, black silhouette made from lightweight cardboard shown behind a screen.
Shadow puppets
Flat, cut-out figures tacked to a stick with one or more movable parts, and are operated below the stage through wires or rods.
Rod puppets
Make use of gloves in which small costumed figures are attached.
Glove-and-finger puppets
A flexible, jointed puppet operated by strings or wires attached to a crossbar and maneuvered from directly above the stage.
Marionettes
A visual depiction of a crucial reality or concept, students can observe processes through actual objects or models. Teachers may perform intricate procedures, transforming passive listeners into engaged learners. To enhance performance, teachers should involve students in the demonstration by asking and answering questions or helping them plan and execute it. For instance, a Physical Education teacher demonstrating the tango can actively engage the class in the process.
Demonstrations
A planned off-site visit, such as tours, flights, hikes, or excursions, is an organized educational activity providing students with direct real-life experiences. It offers opportunities to learn principles, gain relevant information, knowledge, and skills while also providing entertainment. This approach brings the classroom into the community and integrates community concerns into the school environment.
Study Trips
Bring the outside world into the classroom employing exhibits, the concrete representation of the things. The teacher can help the students by gaining useful experience through the observation and organization of educationally significant exhibitions. Exhibits are less real or direct in terms of providing direct practical experience. These may consist of meaningfully organized working models or photographs of templates, maps, and posters. Many of them are ―only for your eyes.‖ However, several shows provide interactive opportunities in which visitors can touch or manipulate the displayed models.
Exhibits
They can so expertly recreate the history of the past, that we have to feel like we‘re there. The special meaning of the messages that film and television deliver lies in their sense of reality, their focus on individuals and personality, their organization presentation, and their ability to select, dramatize, highlight, and
Television and motion pictures
This stage includes the number of devices that might be classified roughly as one-dimensional aids because they use only one sense organ that is either eye (seeing) or ear (hearing). All these materials are less direct than audio-visual experiences.
Still pictures, recordings, radio
There are no longer practical reproductions of material objects, for such representations are incredibly abstract. Visible concepts that describe something intangible by association and something that reflects or stands for something else, usually by association or by way of definition of something abstract. It has a predictive framework that is interesting. This contains visual graphic resources such as charts, maps, diagrams, sketches, posters, comics, photos, drawings on blackboards, and illustrations. The visual symbols (free to use any language) form a primary contact language.
Visual symbols
