Dairy Cow Transition Ration Flashcards
Describe dairy cow transition.
-3wk before to 3 wk after parturition
-metabolic changes:
>fetal growth
>colostrum prod
>dec immunity
Describe sperm sexing.
-flow cytometry to sep X & Y chromosome of semen
Describe multiparous cows VS primiparous cows.
- Multiparous
-target age for first calving:
>Holsteins = 21-24mo *
>jerseys = 20-22 mo *
-body comp
>target 85% mature BW
>BCS 3.25-3.5 - Primiparous
-transition period health IMP determinant of subsequent prod & repro performance of dairy *
Describe the transition phases.
- Beginning of dry period = far off dry cow
- Close up dry cow = 21d before calving
- Fresh cow phase = 0-14d post calving
>in lactation but before peak milk prod
Describe the rec feeding, bunk management, & cow management during the transition period.
- Dry off = 2.75-3.5 BCS
- Calving = 2.75-3.5 BCS
- Peak milk prod = 2.5-3.25 BCS
Describe the herd alarm levels & cost/case for disease.
remember the alarm rates cant go above
Describe the transition effects.
- Primary factor impeding fertility is extent of neg energy balance (NEB) early postpartum *
>inhibit timing of 1st ovulation
>return to cyclitity is delayed (calving index inc)
>neg impact on oocyte qual - Poor transition to lactation result in loss of 10-20lbs/d * of peak milk yield
>2000-4000lbs of untapped milk yield/lactation
Describe the transition ration management.
- Nutritional management before calving should promote appetite & high DMI
>lessen post partum NEB
-avoid over conditioning & preventing cows from over consuming energy in late gestation result in higher DMI & less NEB after calving
Describe metabolic changes.
-inc growth hormone stim hepatic gluconeogensis inc glu supply *
-GH = insulin resistance -> prevent glu utilization by liver, muscle, adipose tissue & stim lipolysis
>mobilize FA (non esterfied FA) for milk fat syn or used as energy source
>hypoglycemia occurs -> inc ketones (beta hydroxybutyric acid)
Describe what excessive NEFA & BHBA suppresses.
- DMI
- IS
- Milk prod
Describe constitutive control of rumen pH.
- VFA prod
- Buffer from rumen epi
- Organic acid outflow
Describe transition diets.
-bridge the preg dry cow from diet high in forage & fiber to early lactation ration high in grain & protein w less long fiber *
-imp more fresh cows fed TMR & milk yield in 1st week after calving can reach 90+ lbs of milk & metabolic disorder inc
-min of 5 d needed to obtain benefits of transition diet *
-rumen papillae adapt to carb by elongating to absorb VFA & dec acid load in rumen
>time for total elongation of papillae = 4-6wk
Describe transition diets & the rumen.
-feeding rumen undegradable protein in close up ration = cows have less weight loss & improve performance after calving *
-fatty liver start pre partum & cont 2-3wk
-immunity challenged
-75% cows hypocalcemic
-feed 7-10lb of high group TMR the dry cow ration & 2 lb of close up dry cow grain mix
-feed dry cow ration + 5 lb of close up dry cow mix
Describe transition diets & minerals.
-anionic salts added to get DCAD less than 0
>neg DCAD diet for 6wk prior to calving = no diff in health or milk prod
-yeast culture added to stabilize rumen environment & pH while stim fiber digesting bacteria
-high level of zinc, cu, mg, Se rec
-probiotic assist in transition dry cow *
*DCAD = dietary cation (K & Na) anion (Cl & S) diff
Describe DCAD.
-cation: Na, K, Ca, Mg * = alkaline metabolic state
>inc milk fever
-anion: Cl, S, P * = acidic metabolic state
>dec milk fever
-cow adjust to lower blood pH by buffer acidic condition by mobilizing Ca from bone
-calc DCAD in mEq/kg = (Na + K) - (Cl + S)
-urine pH indicator of metabolic status & reflect effectiveness of anionic prod
>pH 6-6.5 for Holsteins & 5.5-6 for jersey
Describe signs of poor transition management.
-DMI after calving is low
-subfertility
-anorexia & rumen acidosis high in young cow
-metabolic disorder high:
>fatty liver, ketosis, hypocalcemia, DA
Describe ketosis.
-metabolic disease of cattle around peri-parturient as a result of:
Describe secondary ketosis VS primary.
Describe the different ketosis categories.
