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Animal > Dairy > Flashcards

Dairy Flashcards

1
Q

Features of modern dairy industry

A

Fewer but bigger herds

Increased per cow production

Less time per cow

Less owner animal interaction

Increased input costs

Static milk price

Less profit

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2
Q

7 dairy breeds

A 
Holstein
Jersey
Aussie red 
Ayrshire
Brown Swiss 
Guernsey
Illawarra
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3
Q

3 goals of dairy farming

A

Produce quality product from happy healthy cows

Be profitable

Be sustainable

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4
Q

How do farmers get paid by?

A

Volume of milk

Milk solids including fat and protein

Quality (somatic cell counts and bactoscan counts)

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5
Q

How’s dairy business decisions influenced by?

A

Farmers belief

Values economic social cultural

Consumers opinion

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6
Q

Mature intact male

A

Bull

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7
Q

Mature female

A

Cow

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8
Q

Offspring

A

Calf

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9
Q

Castrated male

A

Steer

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10
Q

Dairy systems

A

Pastoral

Non pastoral

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11
Q

Types of dairy systems

A

TotL mixed ration

Partially mixed ration

Components feeding

Cut and carry

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12
Q

Features of pasture based system

A

Seasonal calving pattern to match grass growth with milk production

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13
Q

Feedlot system

A

Happens seasonal or year round calving

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14
Q

Different housing systems

A

Non housed (may or may not provide shelter)

Housed
Tie stalls
No cubicles at all
Free stalls

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15
Q

3 calving pattern

A

Year round with 1-2 months break

Seasonal at spring or autumn

Split 2-3 times a year

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16
Q

Why having difference in calving pattern?

A

Ease of management

Feed availability and quality

Demand for milk

Milk price

Personal preference

Climate

17
Q

3 milking methods

A

Hand milking

Machine milking

Milk parlour types by rotary or robotic milking

18
Q

Importance of cow fertility

A

Loss of milk

Loss of genetics

Reduced calf sales

Avoidable AI costs

19
Q

How to increase volume of production

A

Produce more milk in early lactation

20
Q

Dairy fertility facts

A

Oestrus cycle at 21 days

Ovulation 12-18 hours after oestrus

Conceptually arrived in interns around day 5
Maternal recognition of pregnancy of day 15

21
Q

Fertility KPI in year round system

A

Good nutrition

Good management

Cycling cows

Good heat detection

Timely artificial insemination

22
Q

Fertility KPI in seasonal calving system

A

Good nutrition

Good management

Cycling cows (timely intervention for non cyclers)

Heat detection use of oestrus or ovulation synchronisation

Use of mop up bulls

23
Q

How to improve heat detection

A

Training staff on heat behaviour

Activity monitors

Computer software to expect oestrus dates

Pressure devices

Progesterone in milk

Use of oestrus and ovulation synchronisation program

24
Q

Reproductive options for dairy industry

A

Insemination
Artificial insemination
Natural

Stimulation of oestrus in cows not cycling

25
Q

2 potential reproductive technologies

A

Synchronisation of oestrus to allow more cows in early lactation

Hormonal intervention

26
Q

Priority of nutrient

A

Energy

Protein

Fibre

Fats

Macro minerals

Vitamins

Trace minerals

27
Q

Transition Coe nutrition management

A

Low energy diet in dry period

High energy diet in lactation

28
Q

How to produce healthy cows

A

Adequate ventilation

Low stocking density

Timely treatment

Isolation of sick calves

Closed herd

Adequate bedding

Adequate shelter

29
Q

Neonatal calf management

A

Rearing facilities

Rearing conditions

Navel management

Identification

Colostrum management

30
Q

Healthy environment

A

Building location

Calf space

Optimised protection and air quality

Natural light

Free of vermin and birds

31
Q

How to provide stress free environment

A

Newly arrived calves acclimatised and not exposed to other calves

Visual contact

Keep group small

Adequate space

Farm staff are organised calm and quiet

Animal (8 decks)

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