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WSET 4 D1 by Sarp Sarac > D1.C10. Viticulture Scenarios > Flashcards

D1.C10. Viticulture Scenarios Flashcards

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1
Q

How is the climate in Priorat?

A

Very hot, dry summers and cold winters

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2
Q

What is the aspect of the best vineyards in Priorat? Why?

A

They are planted on slopes facing north-east to protect the vines from the most extreme afternoon heat

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3
Q

What are the properties of the soil in Priorat?

A
  • It is stony slate and quartz (Llicorella)
  • Low in organic matter
  • Free draining
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4
Q

Why drought is a major issue in Priorat?

A
  • Hot, dry conditions (high evapotranspiration rate)
  • Free draining soil
  • Irrigation is not permitted
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5
Q

What is the advantage of weather conditions in Priorat?

A

Disease pressure is low

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6
Q

What is the preferred vine training technique in Priorat? Why?

A
  • Bush vines
  • Shoots and leaves provide some shading but the vines are not so vigorous so excessive shading is not an issue
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7
Q

What is the planting density of vines in Priorat? Why?

A

The vines are planted at low density (often around 2500–3000 vines per hectare) so the roots of each vine can grow over a large area in search of water and nutrients

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8
Q

What is the average yield per hectare in Priorat? Why?

A
  • Approximately 15–25 hl/ ha, but may be lower in some vineyards
  • Due to the number of old vines in the region
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9
Q

What are the most commonly planted grape varieties in Priorat? Why?

A
  • Garnacha and Cariñena
  • They are suited to the extreme conditions as they are late ripening and drought tolerant
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10
Q

What can be another strategy against drought in Priorat other than choosing drought tolerant varieties?

A

Using a drought tolerant rootstock such as 140R

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11
Q

Why is hand-harvesting needed in Priorat?

A
  • Extremely rugged terrain
  • Untrellised vineyards
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12
Q

Why are the Priorat wines sold at preimum or super-premium prices?

A
  • Low yields
  • The cost due to the need for long hours of manual labour
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13
Q

How is the climate in Pauillac?

A
  • Moderate summers and mild winters, with rain throughout the year
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14
Q

What are the properties of the soil in Pauillac?

A

Free draining and poor in nutrients

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15
Q

What is the main grape variety in Pauillac?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

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16
Q

Why can Cabernet Sauvignon struggle to ripen in Bordeaux’s coolest sites and years?

A

Because it is a medium to late ripening variety

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17
Q

Why Merlot is blended with Cabernet Sauvignon in Bordeaux?

A
  • It ripens earlier
  • It adds body and fruit
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18
Q

What is the preferred vine training technique in Pauillac?

A
  • Head trained and replacement cane pruned, trellised to a VSP system
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19
Q

What are the advantages of VSP system in Pauillac?

A
  • Grapes are exposed to the sun
  • Surface area of the leaves is maximised
  • Air circulation is improved, which helps to reduce onset of fungal diseases
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20
Q

What should the producers do in damper years in Pauillac?

A

Monitor for fungal diseases like downy mildew and botrytis and make spraying for prevention

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21
Q

What is the planting density of vines in Pauillac? Why?

A
  • 10.000 vines per hectare (1x1 m)
  • Because the vineyard land is expensive
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22
Q

What is the average yield per hectare in Pauillac?

A

50–60 hl/ha (hence yield per vine is small)

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23
Q

Why specialized machines are needed for some vineyard procedures like trimming and weed management in Paulliac?

A

Because the between-row spacing is tight

24
Q

How is harvesting done in Pauillac?

A

Harvesting may be carried out by hand or machine

25
Q

How is the climate in Finger Lakes?

A

Summers are moderate and winters are extremely cold

26
Q

How can Vitis Vinifera survive in harsh climatic conditions of Finger Lakes?

A

The deep lakes in the region provide some moderation of temperatures

27
Q

What is the preferred location of vineyards in relation to tle lakes in Finger Lakes AVA?

A

The vineyards are located around the edges of the lakes

28
Q

Which varieties are planted in plots nearest to the lakes in Finger Lakes AVA? Why?

A
  • Black grape varieties such as Cabernet Franc
  • To benefit from the slightly more moderate conditions
29
Q

What is the main grape variety in Finger Lakes? Why?

A
  • Riesling
  • Because it is winter hardy and it is late budding (protection against spring frost)
30
Q

What is the vineyard practice in Finger Lakes against the risk of freeze?

A

Hilling up the soil to protect the graft

31
Q

Why do the growers plant variety of clones of Riesling in Finger Lakes?

A

To provide blending options to enhance the quality of the final wine

32
Q

What is the preferred trellising system in Finger Lakes? Why?

A
  • Scott-Henry
  • The soils of Finger Lakes are nutrient-rich and there is plentiful rainfall so vines can be vigorous. Scott-Henry trellising systems are used to divide the vine canopies and hence improve light interception in large canopies.
33
Q

What other vineyard practice can be performed in Finger Lakes to enhance ripeness?

A

Summer pruning techniques like leaf stripping

34
Q

What are the management options against fungal infections in Finger lakes?

A
  • The divided canopy of Scott-Henry also improves air circulation through the canopy
  • Spraying with fungicides
35
Q

What is the vine density in Finger Lakes?

A

Vine densities are low (around 2800-3200 vines per hectare)

36
Q

Why is the vine density low in Finger Lakes region?

A
  • Large vines need sufficient space so that they do not overlap
  • Between-row spacing is large to allow for mechanisation because labour availability is low
37
Q

What is the average yield in Finger Lakes?

A

50-60 hl/ha

38
Q

How can be the average yield high, despite low vine density in Finger Lakes?

A

Each vine can ripen a large crop

39
Q

Typically, what kind of wines are produced in Central Valley, California?

A

Inexpensive, high volume wines

40
Q

What is the key concern of the grape grower in Central Valley, California?

A

To maximise the yield of grapes while keeping costs low in order to maximise profit

41
Q

How is the climate of Central Valley, California?

A
  • It has a warm, dry, sunny growing season
  • Although rainfall is a limiting factor, irrigation is permitted
42
Q

What are the factors enabling vines in Central Valley to grow large and ripen large crops of fruit?

A
  • Warm, dry and sunny growing season
  • Irrigation is allowed
  • Fertilisers can be added if nutrients are limited
  • Disease pressure is low
43
Q

What is the vine density in Central Valley, California?

A

1200-1800 vines/ha

44
Q

Why is planting density low in Central Valley, California?

A

Vines are expensive to buy and therefore the most cost-effective option for the grape grower is low density planting of big high-yielding vines

45
Q

What is the average yield in Central Valley, California?

A

180-220 hl/ha

46
Q

What are the main factors for choosing the grape variety to be grown in Central Valley, California?

A
  • Market demand
  • Price per ton
47
Q

Describe the common trellising technique in Central Valley, California?

A

California sprawl: Vines are trained relatively high, a single wire is installed above the cordon and the shoots flop up and over the wire

48
Q

What are the advantages of California sprawl?

A
  • Cheap
  • The hanging shoots also help shade the fruit from intense afternoon sunshine, reducing risk of sunburn
49
Q

What trellising systems other than California sprawl are sometimes used in Central Valley, California to manage the vigour of the vines?

A

Complex vine trellising systems such as Lyre system

50
Q

Why summer pruning techniques like leaf pulling and green harvesting are unlikely in Central Valley, California?

A
  • Leaf pulling: Requires labour and machinery
  • Green harvesting: Reduces the yields
51
Q

What is the effect of lack of passing through the vineyard and attention to individual vines in Central Valley, California?

A

Variable ripeness within the crop of grapes, and therefore lower quality

52
Q

What is the preferred harvesting technique in Central Valley, California?

A

Machine harvesting

53
Q

Why is harvesting at night practiced where possible in Central Valley, California?

A

Grapes are cool during transportation, reducing chance of oxidation and microbial spoilage

54
Q

When is night harvesting not possible in Central Valley, California?

A

When there is a large amount of fruit to pick over a short period

55
Q

Why are the grapes sometimes picked relatively early in Central Valley, California?

A
  • To avoid any risks of rain (rot, dilution) as autumn approaches
  • If the grape grower also grows higher quality fruit, this make take preference when deciding when to pick, and therefore the grapes may not be picked at optimum ripeness

WSET 4 D1 by Sarp Sarac (19 decks)

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