D1_L2 Pt 2: Fat Soluble Vitamins Flashcards
What is the mnemonic for remembering fat-soluble vitamins?
NAKED
Some body fat is visible when one is naked
What are the fat-soluble vitamins?
n
A (vitamin)
K (vitamin)
E (vitamin)
D (vitamin)
What 2 sources does the body derive vitamin A?
Retinoids
Carotenoids
What are the functions of vitamin A? (4)
Skin function, eyesight, transforms nerve impulses into images, synthesizes rhodopsin
What is another name for vitamin A?
Retinol
What is the toxic level of vitamin A?
10,000 IU
Think 10,000 steps for an A grade
How is vitamin A transported?
Via retinol-binding protein & prealbumin
What are the major sources of vitamin A?
Think LAYOFFS
Liver
Apricot
Yellow fruits
Orange fruits
Fish
Fortified milk
Sweet potato
What are the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency?
Hyperkeratosis
Xerphthalmia
Hyperkeratosis
Very dry skin caused by vitamin A deficiency
Xerphthalmia
Umbrella term for eye issues caused by vitamin A deficiency including damaged cornea, dried conjunctiva, nyctalopia, & Bitot’s spots
What is the activation pathway for vitamin D?
-Sunlight triggers conversion 7-dehydrocholesterol (in skin) to cholecalciferol/D3 (in blood)
-Cholecalciferol/D3 goes to the liver & becomes calcidiol
-Calcidiol goes to the kidneys & becomes calcitriol (active form of vitamin D)
Animal sources of vitamin D contain _____
Plan/mushroom sources of vitamin contain _____
-Cholecalciferol (D3)
-Ergocalciferol (D2)
Which is Vitamin D2 and vitamin D3?
Ergocalciferol = D2 (think 2 C’s)
Cholecalciferol = D3 (think 3 C’s)
What are important functions of vitamin D?
Calcium & phosphorus metabolism
-Think CDP like coordinated dietetics program & calcium D (vitamin) and phosphorus
Sources of vitamin D
Eggs, milk, fish, mushrooms (activated by UV light), and sunshine
Vitamin D deficiency symptoms
Rickets or osteomalacia
What is another name for vitamin E?
Tocopherol
What are important functions of vitamin E?
Lipid peroxidation - prevents polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged
Protects red blood cells from being destroyed by free radicals
Upper limit for vitamin E
1000 mg
Think tocopherol has 3 o’s like 1000
What could happen if vitamin E is taken with high amounts of vitamin K?
It can increase bleeding
Common sources of vitamin E
Think: HEROes take A VOW to protect (TocopHEROl)
Almonds
Veggies (green)
Oils
Whole grains
Vitamin E deficiency
Hemolytic anemia
-Red blood cells are destroyed faster than they are being replaced
What are the 2 types of vitamin K? What are their common sources?
K1: Phylloquinone - found in food
K2: Menaquinone - secreted by microbiota in intestinal tract
What is the toxic level of vitamin K?
There isn’t one, it is non-toxic
Functions of vitamin K
Coagulation (along with calcium)
Calcium metabolism (makes sure calcium gets into bones)
Primary sources of vitamin K
Green veggies
What can lead to a vitamin K deficiency
Antibiotics
Anticoagulants
Hemorrhage
Mnemonic to summarize the important information about vitamin K
SPINACH
Secreted by microbiota
Prothrombin (protein activated by vitamin K and calcium)
Intestinal tract
Non-toxic
Antibiotics/anticoagulants
Coagulation/Calcium metabolism
Hemorrhage
