D1_L2 Pt 2: Fat Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

What is the mnemonic for remembering fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 1

NAKED
Some body fat is visible when one is naked

Question 2

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 2

n
A (vitamin)
K (vitamin)
E (vitamin)
D (vitamin)

Question 3

What 2 sources does the body derive vitamin A?

Answer 3

Retinoids
Carotenoids

Question 4

What are the functions of vitamin A? (4)

Answer 4

Skin function, eyesight, transforms nerve impulses into images, synthesizes rhodopsin

Question 5

What is another name for vitamin A?

Answer 5

Retinol

Question 6

What is the toxic level of vitamin A?

Answer 6

10,000 IU
Think 10,000 steps for an A grade

Question 7

How is vitamin A transported?

Answer 7

Via retinol-binding protein & prealbumin

Question 8

What are the major sources of vitamin A?

Answer 8

Think LAYOFFS
Liver
Apricot
Yellow fruits
Orange fruits
Fish
Fortified milk
Sweet potato

Question 9

What are the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 9

Hyperkeratosis
Xerphthalmia

Question 10

Hyperkeratosis

Answer 10

Very dry skin caused by vitamin A deficiency

Question 11

Xerphthalmia

Answer 11

Umbrella term for eye issues caused by vitamin A deficiency including damaged cornea, dried conjunctiva, nyctalopia, & Bitot’s spots

Question 12

What is the activation pathway for vitamin D?

Answer 12

-Sunlight triggers conversion 7-dehydrocholesterol (in skin) to cholecalciferol/D3 (in blood)
-Cholecalciferol/D3 goes to the liver & becomes calcidiol
-Calcidiol goes to the kidneys & becomes calcitriol (active form of vitamin D)

Question 13

Animal sources of vitamin D contain _____
Plan/mushroom sources of vitamin contain _____

Answer 13

-Cholecalciferol (D3)
-Ergocalciferol (D2)

Question 14

Which is Vitamin D2 and vitamin D3?

Answer 14

Ergocalciferol = D2 (think 2 C’s)
Cholecalciferol = D3 (think 3 C’s)

Question 15

What are important functions of vitamin D?

Answer 15

Calcium & phosphorus metabolism
-Think CDP like coordinated dietetics program & calcium D (vitamin) and phosphorus

Question 16

Sources of vitamin D

Answer 16

Eggs, milk, fish, mushrooms (activated by UV light), and sunshine

Question 17

Vitamin D deficiency symptoms

Answer 17

Rickets or osteomalacia

Question 18

What is another name for vitamin E?

Answer 18

Tocopherol

Question 19

What are important functions of vitamin E?

Answer 19

Lipid peroxidation - prevents polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged
Protects red blood cells from being destroyed by free radicals

Question 20

Upper limit for vitamin E

Answer 20

1000 mg
Think tocopherol has 3 o’s like 1000

Question 21

What could happen if vitamin E is taken with high amounts of vitamin K?

Answer 21

It can increase bleeding

Question 22

Common sources of vitamin E

Answer 22

Think: HEROes take A VOW to protect (TocopHEROl)
Almonds
Veggies (green)
Oils
Whole grains

Question 23

Vitamin E deficiency

Answer 23

Hemolytic anemia
-Red blood cells are destroyed faster than they are being replaced

Question 24

What are the 2 types of vitamin K? What are their common sources?

Answer 24

K1: Phylloquinone - found in food
K2: Menaquinone - secreted by microbiota in intestinal tract

Question 25

What is the toxic level of vitamin K?

Answer 25

There isn’t one, it is non-toxic

Question 26

Functions of vitamin K

Answer 26

Coagulation (along with calcium)
Calcium metabolism (makes sure calcium gets into bones)

Question 27

Primary sources of vitamin K

Answer 27

Green veggies

Question 28

What can lead to a vitamin K deficiency

Answer 28

Antibiotics
Anticoagulants
Hemorrhage

Question 29

Mnemonic to summarize the important information about vitamin K

Answer 29

SPINACH
Secreted by microbiota
Prothrombin (protein activated by vitamin K and calcium)
Intestinal tract
Non-toxic
Antibiotics/anticoagulants
Coagulation/Calcium metabolism
Hemorrhage