D1.3 Protein synthesis Flashcards
WHat is transcription
THe synthesis of RNA using DNA as a template (DNA to RNA)
What is translation
The synthesis of a polypeptide (RNA to protein)
Where does transcription take place
the nucleus
Where does translation take place
the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
What is the difference between RNA and DNA
DNA is a double-stranded helix, with thymine while RNA is single-stranded with Uracil
What are the main roles of RNA polymerize
1)Separates the two strands creating an Antisense strand and a Sense strand
2) Using complementary base paring creates hydrogen bonds within each pair
3)FOrms covalent bonds between the molecules
What is another name for an antisense strand
Template strand
What is another name for sense strand
non-template strand
Why does DNA need to be stable and how is it stable
It’s stable so that it won’t change its code easily conserving the original code, its stability is from the sugar-phosphate backbone and hydrogen bonds between the nucleotides
What is gene expression
the process by which information carried by a gene is turned into an observable effect on an organism
What part determines the observable characteristics
The specific sequence that is transcribed
What does the expression pattern of a cell depend on
The information from both inside and outside the cell
What is a codon
a triplet of bases on the mRNA
What does degenerate mean
It means that different codons can code for the same amino acids (64 combinations for the 20 amino acids)
