B2.2 Organelles and Compartmentalization

Question 1

What is an Organelle

Answer 1

structure that is specialized for a specific function inside a cell

Question 2

what are not organelles (not considered)

Answer 2

Cytoplasm
Cell wall
Cytoskeleton

Question 3

why are cytoplasm, cell walls and cytoskeleton not considered organelles

Answer 3

Cytoplasm: not one specific function
cell wall: not really “in” the cell
cytoskeleton: Not discrete of where it starts, no discrete structure

Question 4

what are Single Membrane-Bound Organelles

Answer 4

Lysosomes, Vesicles and Vacuoles, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus.

Question 5

What are double membrane-bound organelles

Answer 5

Nucleus, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts.

Question 6

What are no bound organelles

Answer 6

Ribosomes, Centrioles, Nucleolus.

Question 7

What are the Advantages of the separation of the nucleus and cytoplasm into separate compartments?

Answer 7

Separation of the nucleus from cytoplasm only happens in eukaryotic cells

Advantages in eukaryotes
protected DNA
mRNA editing in the nucleus

Question 8

Advantages of compartmentalization in the cytoplasm of cells

Answer 8

-Relevant to eukaryotes only
-Concentrating enzymes where they are needed
(ie. cell respiration in mitochondria)
-Maintaining different conditions in different parts
pH (lysosomes pH4.5 for lysis)
solute concentration
-Storing dangerous substances (lysosome engulfing pathogens)