A2.2 Cell Structure Flashcards
What is cell theory
-All things are made of cells (multicellular and unicellular)
-cells are the basic unit of life
-Cells arise from pre-existing cells
How do you calculate the magnification of the microscope
Eyepiece x objective lens = magnification
What does the magnification triangle look like?
Image (mm)
Actual size (micrometre) / Magnification
How do you get from nm to μm
divide by 1000
how do you get from μm to mm
divide by 1000
how do you get from μm to nm
multiply by 1000
how do you get from mm to m
divide by 1000
How do you get from cm to mm
multiply by 10
which microscope has a higher resolution
Electron microscope
What are light microscopes suitable for
Looking at studying tissues, living cells
What are some pros of using a light microscope?
it has colour and doesn’t damage the specimen
What can electron microscopes be used for
small objects, small cellular structures, disease-causing particles, and viruses
What are some pros of using an electron microscope?
you can see non-living or dead specimen
only black and white
What is the cytoplasm
A water-based solution/suspension where metabolic reactions occur
What is the plasma membrane
Semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer on the outside of the cell
What is DNA
Genetic material includes genes that code for proteins
What are the qualities of a prokaryote cell structure
-lack a nucleus
-has a cell wall
-non-compartmentalized (lack membrane-bound organelles)
-70s ribosomes
-naked DNA (no histones)
Which cell is smaller, and evovled first
Prokaryote
What are the qualities of a eukaryote cell
-some has a cell wall
-nucleus (double membrane with pores that linear chromosome that are associated with proteins)
-80s Ribosomes
-Mitochondria (needed for ATP and energy)
What is the processes of life in unicellular organisms
MRSHENG (metabolism, reproduction, sensitivity, homeostasis, excretion, nutrition, growth)
What does the M in MRSHENG mean
Metabolism - All the enzyme catalysed reactions
What does the R in MRSHENG mean
Reproduction - production of offspring
What does the S in MRSHENg mean
Sensitivity - React to stimuli in the environment with various responses
What does the H in MRSHENG mean
Homostatis - maintaining a stable internal environment
What does the E in MRSHENG mean
Excretion - removal of waste
What does the N in MRSHENG mean
Nutrition - Getting the nutrients required for growth/maintenance
What does the G in MRSHENG mean
Growth - increase in size or number of cells
Out of Animal, Fungi and Plant cells which have plastids/chloroplasts
plants
Out of Animal, Fungi and Plant cells which have cell walls
plants and fungi
Out of Animal, Fungi and Plant cells which have vacuoles
animals (small or absent), fungi, plant
Out of Animal, Fungi and Plant cells which have centrioles
animals
Out of Animal, Fungi and Plant cells which have undulipodia (cilia, and flagella)
animals
what is an atypical cell structure in eukaryotes
Red blood cells - The cells lack a nucleus, allowing them more space for hemoglobin which carries oxygen
roughly how big are prokaryotic cells
0.1 -50 μm
roughly how big are eukaryotic cells
10-100 μm
