B1.2 Proteins Flashcards
draw the generalized structure of an amino acid, label the amine group, carboxyl group, alpha carbon, and R group
figure 12
What are the groups that compose an amino acid
Carboxyl group, amine group, r group, and alpha carbon
Draw peptide bond formation in a condensation reaction between two amino acids
refer to figure 13
What is a dipeptide, oligopeptide, and polypeptide
Dipeptide: 2 amino acids.
Oligopeptide: 3–20 amino acids.
Polypeptide: More than 20 amino acids, forming proteins.
where in the cell polypeptide formation occurs
Forms in the ribosomes in the cell
why is the an infinite variety of possible peptide chains?
Sequence of amino acid is determined by DNA
Infinite possibilities for DNA means infinite possibilities for protein sequence
Endless possibilities for length and sequence of amino acids
what is Protein Denaturation?
a structural change in a protein that results in a loss (usually permanent) of its biological properties.
explain the effect of pH on temperature on protein structure and function
pH: Affects charge and bonding of amino acids; extreme changes can denature proteins and affect enzyme activity.
Temperature: Influences molecular movement; can enhance activity up to a point, but excessive heat can denature proteins, while low temperatures can reduce activity.
compare the source of amino acids by plant and animal cells
Plants: Synthesize all amino acids from basic nutrients, relying on photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation.
Animals: Obtain amino acids from dietary protein sources, requiring essential amino acids from their diet and synthesizing non-essential ones.
What are essential and non-essential amino acids
Essential amino acids need to be consumed
non-essential amino acids are already found in the body
outline why vegan diets require attention to food combinations to ensure essential amino acids are consumed
Vegan diets require careful attention to food combinations because many plant foods are incomplete proteins. By combining different sources, vegans can ensure they consume all essential amino acids necessary for optimal health.
